Swayambhu Purana

स्वयम्भू पुराण

Swayambhu Purana

Chapter One: The Origin of Swayambhu

171 verses, complete. Sanskrit, transliteration, English, Nepali, and a purport.

ओं नमः श्री धर्मधातुवागीश्वराय सर्व बुद्धधर्मबोधिसत्त्वेभ्यः ।

oṁ namaḥ śrī dharmadhātuvāgīśvarāya sarva buddhadharmabodhisattvebhyaḥ ।

Om, salutation to the glorious Lord of the Dharma realm, and to all Buddhas, Dharmas and Bodhisattvas.

ॐ, धर्मधातुको महिमामय ईश्वरलाई नमन, र सबै बुद्ध, धर्म र बोधिसत्त्वहरूलाई प्रणाम।

This is the first chapter of the Swayambhu Purana, the old account of how a self-arisen flame appeared on a hill above what is now the Kathmandu Valley, and how a stupa came to be built over it. The chapter is built as a set of stories inside stories: a bodhisattva asks a teacher a question, the teacher answers by recalling what Emperor Aśoka once asked his own teacher, and that answer reaches back further still, to the Buddha speaking on the Swayambhu hill about an age so distant that the valley was a lake.

Every verse is given in five layers: the Sanskrit, a Roman transliteration you can read aloud, a literal English translation, a Nepali translation, and a purport that explains what is happening and why it matters. Use the buttons below to show only the layers you want. For the narrative alone, keep the purport and turn the rest off. Your choice is remembered as you move between chapters.

श्रीमता येन सद्धर्मस्त्रैलोके संप्रकाशितः ।
श्रीघनं तं महाबुद्धं वन्देकऽहं शरणाश्रितः ॥ १.१ ॥

śrīmatā yena saddharmastrailoke saṁprakāśitaḥ ।
śrīghanaṁ taṁ mahābuddhaṁ vandeka'haṁ śaraṇāśritaḥ ॥ 1.1 ॥

English

By whom the supreme Dharma was illuminated in the three worlds,
I bow to that glorious, supreme Buddha, who is my refuge and shelter.

नेपाली

जसले तीनै लोकहरूमा परम धर्मलाई प्रकाशित गर्नुभयो,
म त्यो महाबुद्धलाई प्रणाम गर्छु, जो मेरो शरण र आश्रय हुनुहुन्छ।

Purport

The poem opens the way almost every Sanskrit work of this age opens, with a bow. Before telling us anything about Swayambhu, the poet stops to honour the Buddha, called here Śrīghana, 'the Dense Mass of Glory', as the one who lit up the true teaching across heaven, earth and the underworld. Calling the Buddha his shelter is the poet's way of saying that this is not his story, and that he is only carrying it.

नत्वा त्रिजगदीशानं धर्मधातुजिनालयम् ।
तत्स्वयम्भूसमुद्देशं वक्षामि शृणुतादरात् ॥ १.२ ॥

natvā trijagadīśānaṁ dharmadhātujinālayam ।
tatsvayambhūsamuddeśaṁ vakṣāmi śṛṇutādarāt ॥ 1.2 ॥

English

Having bowed to the Lord of the three worlds, the abode of the Dharma essence,
I shall now explain the glory of Swayambhu; listen attentively.

नेपाली

तीनै लोकका ईश्वर, धर्मधातुको मन्दिरलाई नमस्कार गरेर,
म अब स्वयम्भूको उपदेश वर्णन गर्न लागिरहेको छु; ध्यानपूर्वक सुन!

Purport

Now the poet names his subject. He bows a second time, this time to the Dharmadhātu, the 'realm of truth' that will turn out to be Swayambhu itself, and announces plainly what he is about to do: tell the account of Swayambhu. The last two words are an invitation to the reader. Listen carefully.

श्रद्धया यः शृणोतीमां स्वयम्भूत्पत्तिसत्कथाम् ।
परिशुद्धत्रिकायाः स बोधिसत्त्वो भवेद्ध्रुवम् ॥ १.३ ॥

śraddhayā yaḥ śṛṇotīmāṁ svayambhūtpattisatkathām ।
pariśuddhatrikāyāḥ sa bodhisattvo bhaveddhruvam ॥ 1.3 ॥

English

Whoever listens to this sacred story of the origin of Swayambhu with devotion,
Will surely become a Bodhisattva, possessing the pure threefold body.

नेपाली

जो कोही यो स्वयम्भूको उत्पत्तिको पवित्र कथा श्रद्धाले सुनिन्छ,
त्यो निश्चय नै शुद्ध त्रिकायाको धनी बोधिसत्त्व हुनेछ।

Purport

Before the story begins, the poet makes a promise about what the story does. Anyone who hears the tale of Swayambhu's origin with real faith will become a bodhisattva with the three bodies purified. In this tradition a text is not just information; hearing it is itself a spiritual act, and the promise of reward is how the poet tells you the account is sacred rather than merely historical.

तद्यथा भूत्पुराभिज्ञः जयश्री सुगतात्मजः ।
बोधिमण्डविहारे स विजहार ससांधिकः ॥ १.४ ॥

tadyathā bhūtpurābhijñaḥ jayaśrī sugatātmajaḥ ।
bodhimaṇḍavihāre sa vijahāra sasāṁdhikaḥ ॥ 1.4 ॥

English

Long ago, the wise Jayaśrī, the son of the Sugata,
Dwelled in the Bodhi Maṇḍa monastery, engaged in contemplation.

नेपाली

पुरातन समयमा, सुगतपुत्र जयश्री,
बोधिमण्ड विहारमा बसेर ध्यानमा संलग्न थिए।

Purport

The story proper begins in the oldest fashion: long ago. We are introduced to Jayaśrī, a wise arhat and 'son of the Buddha', living in the monastery at Bodhimaṇḍa, the seat of enlightenment at Bodh Gaya. He is sitting in meditation with his companions. This is the outermost frame of a story that will soon fold into another story, and then another.

तत्र जिनेश्वरो नाम बोधिसत्त्व महामतिः ।
श्रद्धया शरणं गत्वा जयश्रीयमुपाश्रयेत् ॥ १.५ ॥

tatra jineśvaro nāma bodhisattva mahāmatiḥ ।
śraddhayā śaraṇaṁ gatvā jayaśrīyamupāśrayet ॥ 1.5 ॥

English

There, a Bodhisattva named Jineśvara, of great intellect,
Approached Jayaśrī with devotion and sought refuge in him.

नेपाली

त्यहाँ एक बुद्धिसम्पन्न बोधिसत्त्व, जिनेश्वर नामक,
श्रद्धापूर्वक जयश्रीकाे शरणमा गए।

Purport

A second character arrives: Jineśvara, a bodhisattva of great intelligence. He does not come to debate or to test the teacher. He comes with faith, takes refuge, and places himself under Jayaśrī's guidance. The whole chapter will be built on this pattern of a student who asks sincerely and a teacher who answers fully.

तदा धीमान्जयश्रीः स सर्वसत्त्व हितार्थवित् ।
सद्धर्मसमुपादेष्टुं सभासने समाश्रयेत् ॥ १.६ ॥

tadā dhīmānjayaśrīḥ sa sarvasattva hitārthavit ।
saddharmasamupādeṣṭuṁ sabhāsane samāśrayet ॥ 1.6 ॥

English

Then the wise Jayaśrī, who is devoted to the welfare of all beings,
Took his seat in the assembly to expound the true Dharma.

नेपाली

त्यसपछि बुद्धिमान जयश्री, जो सबै प्राणहरूको हितमा समर्पित थिए,
सच्चा धर्म प्रचार गर्न सभा आसनमा बस्नुभयो।

Purport

Jayaśrī responds the way a teacher in these texts always responds: he takes the teaching seat. The line about him being devoted to the welfare of all beings is not decoration. It explains why he agrees to speak at all, since the teaching is given for others rather than for the pleasure of speaking.

तत्र सर्वे महासत्त्वा बोधिसत्त्वा जिनात्मजाः ।
अर्हन्तो भिक्षवश्चापि ब्रह्मचारिणः श्रावकाः ॥ १.७ ॥

tatra sarve mahāsattvā bodhisattvā jinātmajāḥ ।
arhanto bhikṣavaścāpi brahmacāriṇaḥ śrāvakāḥ ॥ 1.7 ॥

English

There gathered all great beings, Bodhisattvas, sons of the Jina,
Arhats, monks, celibates, and disciples.

नेपाली

त्यहाँ सबै महात्मा, बोधिसत्त्व, जिनका पुत्रहरू,
अर्हत, भिक्षुहरू, ब्रह्मचारी, र श्रावकहरू उपस्थित भए।

Purport

The audience begins to assemble, and the poet enjoys listing them. First the highest ranks: great beings, bodhisattvas, arhats, monks, celibate practitioners and disciples. Sanskrit epics love catalogues like this; the sheer length of the list is the point. Everyone is coming.

भिक्षुण्यो ब्रह्मचारिण्यो व्रतिनश्चाप्युपासकाः ।
उपासिकास्तथान्येऽपि गृहस्थश्च महाजनाः ॥ १.८ ॥

bhikṣuṇyo brahmacāriṇyo vratinaścāpyupāsakāḥ ।
upāsikāstathānye'pi gṛhasthaśca mahājanāḥ ॥ 1.8 ॥

English

Nuns, celibate women, devotees, and lay practitioners,
As well as householders and other noble individuals.

नेपाली

भिक्षुणीहरू, ब्रह्मचारीनीहरू, व्रतीहरू, उपासकहरू,
उपासिका र अन्य गृहस्थहरू पनि त्यहाँ उपस्थित भए।

Purport

The list widens. Nuns, celibate women, lay devotees of both sexes, householders, and respected citizens. Notice that women are named separately and explicitly, and that ordinary householders sit in the same assembly as arhats. The teaching about to be given is not reserved for renunciates.

ब्राह्मणास्तीर्थिकाश्चापि यतयश्च तपस्विनः ।
राजानो मन्त्रिणोऽमात्याः सैन्याधिपतिश्च पौरिकाः ॥ १.९ ॥

brāhmaṇāstīrthikāścāpi yatayaśca tapasvinaḥ ।
rājāno mantriṇo'mātyāḥ sainyādhipatiśca paurikāḥ ॥ 1.9 ॥

English

Brahmins, ascetics, seekers, and hermits,
Kings, ministers, counselors, military chiefs, and city officials.

नेपाली

ब्राह्मण, तपस्वी, तीर्थयात्री, र साधकहरू,
राजाहरू, मन्त्रीहरू, सल्लाहकारहरू, सेना प्रमुखहरू, र नगर प्रमुखहरू।

Purport

The list widens again, and now it leaves the Buddhist fold entirely: brahmins, non-Buddhist ascetics, wandering renunciates, men performing austerities, and then the whole machinery of the state, kings, ministers, officials, generals and city dignitaries. The poet is showing us a teaching that draws the entire social order into one room.

ग्राम्या जनपदाश्चापि तथान्यवासिनो जनाः ।
तत्सद्धर्मामृतं पातुं श्रद्धया समुपागताः ॥ १.१० ॥

grāmyā janapadāścāpi tathānyavāsino janāḥ ।
tatsaddharmāmṛtaṁ pātuṁ śraddhayā samupāgatāḥ ॥ 1.10 ॥

English

Villagers, townsfolk, and others from different regions,
Came with devotion to partake in the nectar of the true Dharma.

नेपाली

गाउँलेहरू, शहरका बासिन्दाहरू र अन्य क्षेत्रका मानिसहरू,
श्रद्धाका साथ सत्य धर्मको अमृत ग्रहण गर्न आए।

Purport

Finally the villagers and country people, and people from other lands. And here the poet tells us what they have all come for, in a phrase that will recur through the chapter: to drink the nectar of the true Dharma. The teaching is water; the crowd is thirsty.

तत्र सभासनासीनं तमर्हतं जयश्रीयम् ।
अभ्यर्च्य सादरं नत्वा तत्सभायां यथाक्रमम् ॥ १.११ ॥

tatra sabhāsanāsīnaṁ tamarhataṁ jayaśrīyam ।
abhyarcya sādaraṁ natvā tatsabhāyāṁ yathākramam ॥ 1.11 ॥

English

In that assembly, the revered Jayaśrī, seated with dignity,
Was worshipped with reverence and bowed to by all in proper order.

नेपाली

त्यो सभामा, सम्माननीय जयश्री, जो गरिमामय आसनमा विराजमान थिए,
सविनय पूजित गरिए र सभाका सदस्यहरूले क्रमबद्ध रूपमा नमन गरे।

Purport

The assembly does what a well-mannered assembly does. They honour Jayaśrī seated on his teaching throne, bow with respect, and take their places in proper order. The phrase 'in due order' is doing quiet work, since it signals that this is a formal occasion rather than a casual gathering.

कृतांजलिपुटाः सर्वे परिवृत्य समन्ततः ।
पुरस्कृत्य समुद्वीक्ष्य समाश्रयन् समाहिताः ॥ १.१२ ॥

kṛtāṁjalipuṭāḥ sarve parivṛtya samantataḥ ।
puraskṛtya samudvīkṣya samāśrayan samāhitāḥ ॥ 1.12 ॥

English

With folded hands, all gathered around, encircling him respectfully,
Fixing their gaze upon him and seeking shelter with complete focus.

नेपाली

हात जोडेर सबैले उनको वरिपरि परिक्रमा गरे,
श्रद्धाका साथ उनको संरक्षणमा गए।

Purport

They fold their palms, spread out around him on every side, keep him at the centre of their attention, look up at him, and settle. The image is of a still, concentric crowd, a mandala of listeners with the teacher at its heart. The last word means 'composed'; they have quieted their minds.

तान् सर्वान् समुपासीनान् सद्धर्म श्रवणोत्सुकान् ।
दृष्ट्वा जिनेश्वरो बोधिसत्त्वः समुत्थितः ॥ १.१३ ॥

tān sarvān samupāsīnān saddharma śravaṇotsukān ।
dṛṣṭvā jineśvaro bodhisattvaḥ samutthitaḥ ॥ 1.13 ॥

English

Seeing all those assembled, eager to listen to the true Dharma,
The Bodhisattva Jinaśrī stood up.

नेपाली

सच्चा धर्म सुन्न उत्सुक ती सबैलाई देखेर,
बोधिसत्त्व जिनश्री उठे।

Purport

Jayaśrī looks out at them and sees the eagerness on every face. That look is what prompts what follows. But before he can speak, the bodhisattva rises. In this tradition the teaching must be requested rather than simply delivered, and someone has to do the asking on everyone's behalf.

उद्वहन्नुत्तरासंगं सांजलि समुपाश्रितः ।
जानुभ्यां भूतले धृत्वा सम्पश्यन्नेवमव्रवीत् ॥ १.१४ ॥

udvahannuttarāsaṁgaṁ sāṁjali samupāśritaḥ ।
jānubhyāṁ bhūtale dhṛtvā sampaśyannevamavravīt ॥ 1.14 ॥

English

Draped in his upper robe and folding his hands in salutation,
He knelt on the ground and, looking around, spoke as follows.

नेपाली

ऊपरको वस्त्र ओढेर, हात जोड्दै,
जमिनमा घुँडा टेकेर, चारैतिर हेर्दै यसरी बोले।

Purport

The poet describes the formal posture of request in careful detail: the upper robe lifted over one shoulder, palms joined, both knees placed on the ground, eyes raised to the teacher. Anyone who has watched a monastic ceremony would recognise the choreography instantly. Then he speaks.

भदन्तोऽहमिच्छामि चरितुं बोधिसंवरम् ।
तदादौ किं व्रतं धृत्वा संचरेय समाहितः ॥ १.१५ ॥

bhadanto'hamicchāmi carituṁ bodhisaṁvaram ।
tadādau kiṁ vrataṁ dhṛtvā saṁcareya samāhitaḥ ॥ 1.15 ॥

English

Revered one, I desire to undertake the Bodhisattva vow,
But first, what discipline should I observe to remain focused?

नेपाली

आदरणीय, म बोधिसत्त्व व्रत लिन चाहन्छु,
तर पहिले के व्रत लिनु पर्छ र कसरी ध्यानमग्न रहन सकिन्छ?

Purport

Here is the question that starts everything. 'Venerable one, I wish to undertake the vow of enlightenment. What discipline must I take up first, and how should I live it?' It is a beginner's question asked by an advanced practitioner, which is exactly why it can be asked in front of such a crowd.

तद्भवान् समुपादिश्य सर्वानस्मान् प्रबोधयन् ।
बोधिमार्गे समायुज्य चारयितुं शुभेर्हति ॥ १.१६ ॥

tadbhavān samupādiśya sarvānasmān prabodhayan ।
bodhimārge samāyujya cārayituṁ śubherhati ॥ 1.16 ॥

English

Please guide us all by enlightening us,
So that we may walk the path of enlightenment with virtue.

नेपाली

कृपया हामी सबैलाई मार्गनिर्देशन दिनुहोस्,
जसले गर्दा हामी ज्ञानमार्गमा सही रूपमा अघि बढ्न सक्छौं।

Purport

He adds the polite formula that turns a personal question into a public one: please teach not only me but all of us here, set us on the path to awakening, and keep us walking it. With this, the private request becomes a sermon, and the audience has its reason to stay.

इति संप्रार्थितं तेन श्रुत्वा च सुगतात्मजः ।
जयश्रीस्तं महासत्त्वं सभामन्त्रैवमादिशत् ॥ १.१७ ॥

iti saṁprārthitaṁ tena śrutvā ca sugatātmajaḥ ।
jayaśrīstaṁ mahāsattvaṁ sabhāmantraivamādiśat ॥ 1.17 ॥

English

Hearing this request, the son of the Sugata,
The wise Jayaśrī, addressed the assembly with these words.

नेपाली

यो अनुरोध सुनेपछि, सुगतपुत्र,
ज्ञानमय जयश्रीले सभालाई यसरी सम्बोधन गरे।

Purport

Jayaśrī has heard the request. He looks at the great being who asked it, and addresses the whole assembly rather than the individual. The shift is deliberate. The answer now belongs to everyone in the room, and to everyone who will ever read this.

शृणु वत्सास्ति ते वांछा सम्बोधिसंवरे यदि ।
यथाक्रमं प्रवक्षामि संबोधिव्रतसाधनम् ॥ १.१८ ॥

śṛṇu vatsāsti te vāṁchā sambodhisaṁvare yadi ।
yathākramaṁ pravakṣāmi saṁbodhivratasādhanam ॥ 1.18 ॥

English

Listen, dear ones, if you aspire to take the Bodhisattva vow,
I shall now explain the method for fulfilling that aspiration.

नेपाली

हे प्रियहरू, यदि तिमीहरू बोधिसत्त्व व्रत लिन चाहन्छौ,
म तिमीहरूलाई त्यो व्रत पूरा गर्न विधि सिकाउँछु।

Purport

The teacher begins the way teachers begin in these texts: 'Listen, my child.' He acknowledges that the desire is real, and promises to lay out the practice step by step, in proper sequence. Sanskrit teaching texts are proud of their orderliness, and the promise of sequence is a promise of reliability.

यो वांछा तत्र संसारे चरितुं बोधिसंवरम् ।
स आदौ शरणं गत्वा सद्गुरुं समुपाश्रयेत् ॥ १.१९ ॥

yo vāṁchā tatra saṁsāre carituṁ bodhisaṁvaram ।
sa ādau śaraṇaṁ gatvā sadguruṁ samupāśrayet ॥ 1.19 ॥

English

To undertake the Bodhisattva vow in this world,
One must first seek refuge in a true teacher.

नेपाली

यो संसारमा बोधिसत्त्व व्रत लिन,
पहिले सच्चा गुरुको शरण लिनुपर्छ।

Purport

The first step is not meditation, not ritual, not pilgrimage. It is finding a true teacher and taking refuge with him. In a tradition transmitted person to person for centuries, this is the most practical instruction imaginable: you cannot begin alone.

गुरोराज्ञां समालभ्य तन्निर्दिष्टपथे तथा ।
तदुपदेशमासाद्य यथाविधि समाहितः ॥ १.२० ॥

gurorājñāṁ samālabhya tannirdiṣṭapathe tathā ।
tadupadeśamāsādya yathāvidhi samāhitaḥ ॥ 1.20 ॥

English

Obeying the teacher's instructions and following the prescribed path,
One should wholeheartedly practice the teachings as directed.

नेपाली

गुरुको आज्ञा पालन गर्दै, गुरुले बताएको मार्गमा चल्दै,
तिनीको शिक्षालाई पूर्ण समर्पणका साथ अभ्यास गर्नुपर्छ।

Purport

The second step follows from the first. Receive the teacher's permission, walk the path he has marked out, take his personal instruction, and follow it exactly as prescribed, with a settled mind. The emphasis is on doing it the way it was actually taught rather than the way one imagines it.

तीर्थे स्नात्वा विशुद्धात्मा त्रिरत्नशरणं गतः ।
यथाविधि समभ्यर्च्य संबोधि निहिताशयः ॥ १.२१ ॥

tīrthe snātvā viśuddhātmā triratnaśaraṇaṁ gataḥ ।
yathāvidhi samabhyarcya saṁbodhi nihitāśayaḥ ॥ 1.21 ॥

English

After bathing in sacred waters, purifying the mind, and taking refuge in the Three Jewels,
They worship as prescribed, holding enlightenment as their ultimate goal.

नेपाली

पवित्र तीर्थमा स्नान गरेर, मन शुद्ध बनाएर, त्रिरत्नमा शरण लिँदै,
उनीहरूले विधिपूर्वक पूजा गर्छन् र संबोधि प्राप्त गर्न समर्पित हुन्छन्।

Purport

Now the practice itself begins. Bathe at a sacred ford so that body and mind are clean; take refuge in the Three Jewels, Buddha, Dharma and Saṅgha; perform worship according to the prescribed form; and fix the intention firmly on enlightenment. Outer purification, formal commitment, correct ritual and inner resolve, four moves in a single verse.

उपोषधव्रतमाधाय समाचरेज्जगद्धिते ।
एवं यश्चरते नित्यं संबोधिमानसः सुधीः ॥ १.२२ ॥

upoṣadhavratamādhāya samācarejjagaddhite ।
evaṁ yaścarate nityaṁ saṁbodhimānasaḥ sudhīḥ ॥ 1.22 ॥

English

By observing the vow of fasting and practicing for the benefit of all beings,
One who always acts with a mind set on enlightenment becomes wise and virtuous.

नेपाली

उपवास व्रत धारण गरी, सम्पूर्ण प्राणीहरूको कल्याणका लागि अभ्यास गरेर,
जो व्यक्ति सधैं बोधिचित्त राखेर कार्य गर्दछ, ऊ ज्ञानी र धर्मी हुन्छ।

Purport

Then take the upoṣadha vow, the observance days on which lay practitioners keep additional precepts, and live for the good of the world. The verse then turns to the person who keeps this up: whoever practises constantly, with a wise mind set on awakening. The sentence deliberately runs on into the next verse.

परिशुद्ध त्रिकायः स बोधिसत्त्वो भवेत् ।
बोधिसत्त्वो महासत्त्वः सर्व्वसत्त्व हितार्थभृत् ॥ १.२३ ॥

pariśuddha trikāyaḥ sa bodhisattvo bhavet ।
bodhisattvo mahāsattvaḥ sarvvasattva hitārthabhṛt ॥ 1.23 ॥

English

Such a person, possessing a pure threefold body, becomes a Bodhisattva,
A great being who strives for the welfare of all sentient beings.

नेपाली

यस्तो व्यक्ति, शुद्ध त्रिकायाको धनी भई, बोधिसत्त्व बन्छ,
जो एक महात्मा हुन् र सबै प्राणीहरूको हितका लागि प्रयास गर्छन्।

Purport

Such a person becomes purified in the three bodies and is established as a bodhisattva, and not a bodhisattva in name only, but a mahāsattva, a 'great being' who carries the welfare of all creatures as his own errand. The vow has turned an ordinary practitioner into someone the tradition regards as extraordinary.

क्रमात्संबोधि संभारं संपूरयेत्समाहितः ।
एतत्पुण्याभियुक्तात्माचतुर्ब्रह्म विहारधृक् ॥ १.२४ ॥

kramātsaṁbodhi saṁbhāraṁ saṁpūrayetsamāhitaḥ ।
etatpuṇyābhiyuktātmācaturbrahma vihāradhṛk ॥ 1.24 ॥

English

Gradually completing the accumulations for enlightenment, remaining focused,
This virtuous soul, embodying the four divine abodes, becomes steadfast.

नेपाली

क्रमशः संबोधिको सञ्चय पूरा गर्दै, ध्यानमग्न रहन्छ,
यस्तो पुण्य आत्मा चार ब्रह्म विहारको धारण गर्ने व्यक्ति हो।

Purport

From there the path continues by accumulation rather than by leap. He gradually fills up the stores of merit and wisdom required for awakening, while living in the four brahmavihāras: loving-kindness, compassion, sympathetic joy and equanimity. These four are the emotional climate in which the whole project takes place.

सर्वदुःखविनिर्मुक्तः सर्वचिन्ताविनिर्गतः।
निःक्लेशो निर्ज्जयन्मारान् संबोधिं समवाप्नुयात् ॥ १.२५ ॥

sarvaduḥkhavinirmuktaḥ sarvacintāvinirgataḥ।
niḥkleśo nirjjayanmārān saṁbodhiṁ samavāpnuyāt ॥ 1.25 ॥

English

Free from all suffering, liberated from all anxiety,
purged of defilements and victorious over Māra, one attains perfect enlightenment.

नेपाली

सबै दुःखबाट मुक्त, सबै चिन्ताबाट छुटकारा पाएको,
दोषरहित भई मारलाई पराजित गरेर व्यक्ति पूर्ण संबोधि प्राप्त गर्छ।

Purport

The results follow: free from all suffering, free from anxiety, free from defilement, and, in the traditional image, victorious over Māra, the tempter who personifies everything that keeps beings bound. Only then is perfect awakening attained. The verse names in order the things that must fall away.

एवं सर्वत्र लोकेषु सद्धर्म संप्रकाशयन् ।
समाप्य सौगतं कार्यं सुनिर्वृतिमवाप्नुयात् ॥ १.२६ ॥

evaṁ sarvatra lokeṣu saddharma saṁprakāśayan ।
samāpya saugataṁ kāryaṁ sunirvṛtimavāpnuyāt ॥ 1.26 ॥

English

Thus spreading the true Dharma across all realms,
They fulfill the noble task of the Sugata and attain supreme nirvana.

नेपाली

यसरी सबै लोकहरूमा सत्य धर्मलाई प्रकाशित गर्दै,
ऊ सुगतको पवित्र कार्य पूरा गरी, सर्वोच्च निर्वाण प्राप्त गर्छ।

Purport

But awakening is not the end of the story. Having reached it, he illuminates the true Dharma everywhere in all the worlds, completes the work of a Buddha, and only then enters final peace. In Mahayana thought this sequence matters enormously: teaching comes before rest.

ततोऽर्हं सुगतो भूत्वा सर्व्वान्सत्त्वान्प्रबोधयन् ।
बोधिमार्गे प्रतिष्ठाप्य संवृत्तौ संप्रचारयेत् ॥ १.२७ ॥

tato'rhaṁ sugato bhūtvā sarvvānsattvānprabodhayan ।
bodhimārge pratiṣṭhāpya saṁvṛttau saṁpracārayet ॥ 1.27 ॥

English

Becoming an Arhat and a Sugata, they awaken all sentient beings,
Establish them on the path of enlightenment, and spread virtuous teachings.

नेपाली

अर्हत र सुगत भई, ऊ सबै प्राणिहरूलाई जागृत गर्छ,
तिनीहरूलाई बोधिको मार्गमा स्थापन गरेर, धर्म प्रचार गर्दछ।

Purport

The verse restates it even more plainly. Having become an arhat and a Sugata, he awakens all beings, establishes them on the path to enlightenment, and keeps that current of teaching flowing. Awakening is described here as something that propagates, not something that is kept.

एवं सर्वेऽपि संबुद्धा येऽतीता अप्यनागताः ।
वर्त्तमानाश्च ते ह्येतद्व्रतपुण्य विपाकतः ॥ १.२८ ॥

evaṁ sarve'pi saṁbuddhā ye'tītā apyanāgatāḥ ।
varttamānāśca te hyetadvratapuṇya vipākataḥ ॥ 1.28 ॥

English

All the Perfect Buddhas, those of the past and those yet to come,
and those of the present as well, by the ripening of the merit of this vow,

नेपाली

भूतकाल, भविष्य र वर्तमानका सबै संबुद्धहरूले,
यस व्रतको पुण्यको फलस्वरूप,

Purport

The teacher now makes a sweeping claim. Every perfect Buddha, whether of the past, the future or the present, reached that state through the ripening of the merit of this very vow. No exceptions are offered. The practice being described is presented as the single road all of them travelled.

बोधिं प्राप्य जिना आसन्भविष्यन्ति भवन्त्यपि ।
एवं सर्वे महासत्त्वा बोधिसत्त्वा जिनात्मजाः ॥ १.२९ ॥

bodhiṁ prāpya jinā āsanbhaviṣyanti bhavantyapi ।
evaṁ sarve mahāsattvā bodhisattvā jinātmajāḥ ॥ 1.29 ॥

English

having attained awakening, became Jinas, will become Jinas, and are becoming Jinas;
so too all the great beings, the Bodhisattvas, the sons of the Jina,

नेपाली

संबोधि प्राप्त गरेर जिन भए, जिन हुनेछन्, र जिन भइरहेका छन्;
त्यसरी नै सबै महासत्त्व, बोधिसत्त्व, जिनपुत्रहरू पनि,

Purport

The thought continues across the verse break: having attained awakening, they became Jinas, will become Jinas, and are becoming Jinas, past, future and present held together in one line. And the same applies to all the great beings, the bodhisattvas, the sons of the Jina.

अर्हन्तोऽपि तथा सर्वे परिशुद्धत्रिमण्डलाः ।
बोधिं प्राप्य सुनिर्वाणं याता यास्यन्ति यान्त्यतः ॥ १.३० ॥

arhanto'pi tathā sarve pariśuddhatrimaṇḍalāḥ ।
bodhiṁ prāpya sunirvāṇaṁ yātā yāsyanti yāntyataḥ ॥ 1.30 ॥

English

Even Arhats, with their purified triple domains,
Attain enlightenment and supreme nirvana and continue to guide others.

नेपाली

यहाँसम्म कि, अर्हतहरू, शुद्ध त्रिमण्डलका धनी भई,
संबोधि प्राप्त गरेर, सर्वोच्च निर्वाणमा पुग्छन् र अरूलाई मार्गदर्शन जारी राख्छन्।

Purport

And to the arhats as well, whose three spheres are purified. They attained awakening and supreme peace, they will attain it, they are attaining it now. The triple tense is repeated deliberately: the poet wants the path to feel less like an old story and more like something permanently in motion.

एवं यूयं परिज्ञाय यदेच्छथ सुनिवृतिम् ।
त्रिरत्नशरणं गत्वा संचरध्वमिदं व्रतम् ॥ १.३१ ॥

evaṁ yūyaṁ parijñāya yadecchatha sunivṛtim ।
triratnaśaraṇaṁ gatvā saṁcaradhvamidaṁ vratam ॥ 1.31 ॥

English

Thus, knowing this well, if you desire supreme liberation,
Take refuge in the Three Jewels and practice this sacred vow.

नेपाली

यसरी जानेर, यदि तिमीहरू सर्वोच्च मुक्ति चाहन्छौ भने,
त्रिरत्नमा शरण लिएर यो व्रत आचरण गर।

Purport

Jayaśrī closes this first teaching with the practical conclusion. Now that you know all this, if what you want is supreme liberation, then take refuge in the Three Jewels and live this vow. Everything so far has been the answer to Jineśvara's opening question, and it has been answered without a single mention of Swayambhu. That is about to change.

इति तेन समादिष्टं श्रुत्वा स सुगतात्मजः ।
जिनेश्वरं तमर्हन्तं सम्पश्यन्नेवमव्रवीत् ॥ १.३२ ॥

iti tena samādiṣṭaṁ śrutvā sa sugatātmajaḥ ।
jineśvaraṁ tamarhantaṁ sampaśyannevamavravīt ॥ 1.32 ॥

English

Having heard what was thus taught, that son of the Sugata,
gazing upon the venerable Arhat, spoke these words:

नेपाली

यसरी दिइएको उपदेश सुनेर, ती सुगतपुत्रले,
पूज्य अर्हतलाई हेर्दै यसो भने:

Purport

The bodhisattva has heard the whole teaching on the vow, and he is satisfied with it, though not finished. He looks at his teacher and prepares a second question. (In the manuscript the two names appear transposed in this verse; the sense, confirmed by verse 34, is that Jineśvara is the one speaking and Jayaśrī the one addressed.)

भदन्त श्रोतुमिच्छामि तद्व्रतस्थानमुत्तमम् ।
एतद्व्रतं चरेत्कुत्र तद्देशं समुपादिशत् ॥ १.३३ ॥

bhadanta śrotumicchāmi tadvratasthānamuttamam ।
etadvrataṁ caretkutra taddeśaṁ samupādiśat ॥ 1.33 ॥

English

Venerable one, I wish to hear of the supreme place for that vow.
Where should this vow be practised? Please point out that land.

नेपाली

भदन्त, त्यो व्रतको सर्वोत्तम स्थान सुन्न म चाहन्छु।
यो व्रत कहाँ आचरण गर्नुपर्छ? कृपया त्यो देश बताइदिनुहोस्।

Purport

Here is the hinge of the entire chapter. He does not ask what the vow is, since he has been told. He asks where. Place matters in this tradition: certain grounds are held to make practice ripen faster, and the question about place is what will finally bring Nepal into the poem.

इति संप्रार्थिते तेन जयश्रीः स महामतिः ।
जिनेश्वरं महासत्त्वं तं पश्यन्नेवमादिशत् ॥ १.३४ ॥

iti saṁprārthite tena jayaśrīḥ sa mahāmatiḥ ।
jineśvaraṁ mahāsattvaṁ taṁ paśyannevamādiśat ॥ 1.34 ॥

English

Thus entreated by him, that Jayaśrī of great wisdom,
looking upon the great being Jineśvara, instructed thus:

नेपाली

उनले यसरी प्रार्थना गरेपछि, ती महाबुद्धिमान जयश्रीले,
महासत्त्व जिनेश्वरलाई हेर्दै यस्तो उपदेश दिनुभयो:

Purport

The formula repeats: request, then gaze, then teaching. These repeated frames are not padding. In an oral tradition they are the joints of the text, telling a listener exactly where one speech ends and the next begins.

शृणु वत्स समाधाय व्रतस्थानसमुत्तमम् ।
मुनीश्वरैर्यथाख्यातं तथा वक्षामि तेऽधुना ॥ १.३५ ॥

śṛṇu vatsa samādhāya vratasthānasamuttamam ।
munīśvarairyathākhyātaṁ tathā vakṣāmi te'dhunā ॥ 1.35 ॥

English

Listen attentively, dear child, to the most excellent place of the vow.
As it was declared by the Lords of Sages, so shall I now tell you.

नेपाली

हे वत्स, ध्यानपूर्वक सुन, व्रतको सर्वोत्तम स्थान।
मुनीश्वरहरूले जसरी भन्नुभएको थियो, त्यसरी नै म अब तिमीलाई भन्नेछु।

Purport

Jayaśrī makes a careful claim before he answers: he is not inventing this. What he is about to say was declared by the great sages before him, and he is passing it on unchanged. Authority in this literature flows backwards, from teacher to teacher, and every narrator takes care to name his source.

पुण्यक्षेत्रेषु तीर्थेषु विहारे सुगताश्रमे ।
बुद्धानां निवृतानांच चैत्येषु प्रतिमासु च ॥ १.३६ ॥

puṇyakṣetreṣu tīrtheṣu vihāre sugatāśrame ।
buddhānāṁ nivṛtānāṁca caityeṣu pratimāsu ca ॥ 1.36 ॥

English

In fields of merit, at sacred fords, in monasteries and hermitages of the Sugata,
at the caityas and images of the Buddhas who have passed into peace,

नेपाली

पुण्यक्षेत्रहरूमा, तीर्थहरूमा, विहार र सुगताश्रमहरूमा,
निर्वाण प्राप्त बुद्धहरूका चैत्य र प्रतिमाहरूमा,

Purport

He begins broadly, listing the kinds of place where the vow can be kept: grounds of merit, river crossings held sacred, monasteries, hermitages, and the stupas and images of Buddhas already gone. The answer is being narrowed from the outside in.

बुद्धक्षेत्रेषु सर्वत्र व्रतस्थानं समुत्तमम् ।
एतेष्वपि समाख्यातं स्वयम्भूचैत्यमुत्तमम् ॥ १.३७ ॥

buddhakṣetreṣu sarvatra vratasthānaṁ samuttamam ।
eteṣvapi samākhyātaṁ svayambhūcaityamuttamam ॥ 1.37 ॥

English

and everywhere in the Buddha-fields; these are supreme places for the vow.
Yet among all of these, the Swayambhu Caitya is declared the highest.

नेपाली

र सबै बुद्धक्षेत्रहरूमा; यी नै व्रतका उत्तम स्थान हुन्।
तर यी सबैमध्ये स्वयम्भू चैत्य नै सर्वोत्तम भनी घोषित छ।

Purport

And there it is, the first time the name Swayambhu is spoken in the story. All the holy places of the Buddhist world are granted, and then one is lifted above them. Everything that follows in this chapter is an explanation of that sentence.

एवं विज्ञाय यो धीमान्व्रतं चरितुमिच्छति ।
स स्वयम्भू जिनक्षेत्रमाश्रित्य चरतां व्रतम् ॥ १.३८ ॥

evaṁ vijñāya yo dhīmānvrataṁ caritumicchati ।
sa svayambhū jinakṣetramāśritya caratāṁ vratam ॥ 1.38 ॥

English

Knowing this, the wise one who wishes to undertake the vow
should resort to the Jina-field of Swayambhu and practise the vow there.

नेपाली

यो जानेर, जुन बुद्धिमानले व्रत आचरण गर्न चाहन्छ,
उसले स्वयम्भू जिनक्षेत्रको आश्रय लिएर त्यहीँ व्रत गरोस्।

Purport

The instruction is now concrete enough to act on. If you want to keep this vow, go to Swayambhu. The poem has turned from doctrine into directions.

स्वयम्भूक्षेत्रमाश्रित्य यश्चरति व्रतं मुदा ।
स लभेत्तन्महत्पुण्यमक्षयं बोधिसाधनम् ॥ १.३९ ॥

svayambhūkṣetramāśritya yaścarati vrataṁ mudā ।
sa labhettanmahatpuṇyamakṣayaṁ bodhisādhanam ॥ 1.39 ॥

English

Whoever, resorting to the field of Swayambhu, joyfully practises the vow,
obtains that great and inexhaustible merit which is the means to awakening.

नेपाली

जसले स्वयम्भूक्षेत्रको आश्रय लिएर हर्षपूर्वक व्रत आचरण गर्छ,
उसले बोधिको साधनस्वरूप त्यो महान् र अक्षय पुण्य प्राप्त गर्छ।

Purport

The word for the merit earned there is 'inexhaustible'. It does not get spent. And note the small word 'joyfully'. The vow is not meant to be endured; it is meant to be enjoyed.

एतत्पुण्यं विशुद्धात्मा भद्रश्री सद्गुणाश्रयः ।
बोधिसत्त्वो महाभिज्ञो भवेज्जिनात्मजो ध्रुवम् ॥ १.४० ॥

etatpuṇyaṁ viśuddhātmā bhadraśrī sadguṇāśrayaḥ ।
bodhisattvo mahābhijño bhavejjinātmajo dhruvam ॥ 1.40 ॥

English

By this merit, purified in self, a vessel of noble qualities and glory,
he surely becomes a Bodhisattva of great knowledge, a son of the Jina.

नेपाली

यस पुण्यले विशुद्ध आत्मा भई, भद्रश्री र सद्गुणको आश्रय बनी,
ऊ निश्चय नै महाज्ञानी बोधिसत्त्व, जिनपुत्र हुन्छ।

Purport

The result is stated as a certainty rather than a hope, with the word 'surely'. This is the poem's characteristic confidence: it does not argue for Swayambhu's power, it simply reports what happens to those who go.

दुर्गतिं न व्रजेत्क्वापि संसारे स कदाचन ।
सदा सद्गतिसंजातो बोधिचर्याव्रतं चरेत् ॥ १.४१ ॥

durgatiṁ na vrajetkvāpi saṁsāre sa kadācana ।
sadā sadgatisaṁjāto bodhicaryāvrataṁ caret ॥ 1.41 ॥

English

He shall never fall into an evil destiny anywhere in saṁsāra;
born always in a fortunate state, he will practise the vow of Bodhi-conduct.

नेपाली

ऊ संसारमा कहिल्यै, कतै पनि दुर्गतिमा पर्दैन;
सधैँ सद्गतिमा जन्मिएर बोधिचर्याव्रत आचरण गर्नेछ।

Purport

For a reader living inside the logic of rebirth, this is the strongest reassurance the text can give. Not that suffering ends immediately, but that the downward doors are closed, so that every future birth will be one in which practice remains possible.

एवं स संसरल्लोके कृत्वा सर्वत्र भद्रता ।
संबोधि प्रणिधिं धृत्वा संचरे तद्जगद्धिते ॥ १.४२ ॥

evaṁ sa saṁsaralloke kṛtvā sarvatra bhadratā ।
saṁbodhi praṇidhiṁ dhṛtvā saṁcare tadjagaddhite ॥ 1.42 ॥

English

Thus, wandering through the world and doing good everywhere,
holding the aspiration to awakening, he moves for the welfare of all.

नेपाली

यसरी संसारमा घुम्दै, सबैतिर भलाइ गर्दै,
संबोधिको प्रणिधान धारण गरी ऊ जगत्को हितमा लाग्छ।

Purport

The bodhisattva does not withdraw from the world he has been promised safety in. He keeps circulating through it, carrying an aspiration rather than an escape plan.

एवं च बोधि संभारं पूरयित्वा यथाक्रमम् ।
त्रिविधां बोधिमासाद्य निर्वृतिपदमाप्नुयात् ॥ १.४३ ॥

evaṁ ca bodhi saṁbhāraṁ pūrayitvā yathākramam ।
trividhāṁ bodhimāsādya nirvṛtipadamāpnuyāt ॥ 1.43 ॥

English

And thus, fulfilling in due order the accumulations for awakening,
attaining the threefold Bodhi, he reaches the state of final peace.

नेपाली

र यसरी क्रमैसँग बोधिसम्भार पूरा गर्दै,
त्रिविध बोधि प्राप्त गरेर निर्वृतिपद पाउँछ।

Purport

The threefold awakening, that of the disciple, of the solitary buddha and of the perfect Buddha, is the standard map of destinations in this literature. The point of naming all three is that the road to each of them starts in the same place.

एवं यूयं परिज्ञात्वा स्वयम्भूस्थान आश्रिता ।
त्रिरत्नशरणं गत्वा संचरथ व्रतोत्तमम् ॥ १.४४ ॥

evaṁ yūyaṁ parijñātvā svayambhūsthāna āśritā ।
triratnaśaraṇaṁ gatvā saṁcaratha vratottamam ॥ 1.44 ॥

English

Therefore you too, knowing this, resorting to the abode of Swayambhu,
take refuge in the Three Jewels and practise this supreme vow.

नेपाली

त्यसैले तिमीहरू पनि यो जानेर, स्वयम्भूस्थानको आश्रय लिई,
त्रिरत्नमा शरण गएर यो उत्तम व्रत आचरण गर।

Purport

Jayaśrī turns from the third person to 'you'. The teaching stops describing a hypothetical practitioner and addresses the people in the room, and through them the reader.

एतत्तेनार्हतादिष्टं श्रुत्वा स सुगतात्मजः ।
जयश्रियं तमर्हन्तं सम्पश्यन्नेवमब्रवीत् ॥ १.४५ ॥

etattenārhatādiṣṭaṁ śrutvā sa sugatātmajaḥ ।
jayaśriyaṁ tamarhantaṁ sampaśyannevamabravīt ॥ 1.45 ॥

English

Hearing this instruction given by the Arhat, that son of the Sugata,
gazing upon the venerable Jayaśrī, spoke thus:

नेपाली

अर्हतले दिनुभएको यो उपदेश सुनेर, ती सुगतपुत्रले,
पूज्य जयश्रीलाई हेर्दै यसो भने:

Purport

Another question is coming. The pattern by now is unmistakable. Each answer opens a door onto a further question, and the chapter advances by curiosity rather than by argument.

भदन्त भवता दिष्टं श्रुत्वा मे रोचते मनः ।
स्वयम्भूचैत्यमाराध्य चरितुं व्रतमाभवम् ॥ १.४६ ॥

bhadanta bhavatā diṣṭaṁ śrutvā me rocate manaḥ ।
svayambhūcaityamārādhya carituṁ vratamābhavam ॥ 1.46 ॥

English

Venerable one, hearing what you have taught, my mind delights in it:
to worship the Swayambhu Caitya and keep the vow for as long as I live.

नेपाली

भदन्त, तपाईंले दिनुभएको उपदेश सुनेर मेरो मन प्रसन्न भयो;
स्वयम्भू चैत्यको आराधना गरी जीवनभर व्रत आचरण गर्ने इच्छा जाग्यो।

Purport

He does not merely accept the teaching, he reports his own reaction: my mind delights in it. And then he commits, not for a season but for a lifetime. The commitment, however, exposes an obvious practical gap.

स्वयम्भू चैत्यराजः श्रीधर्मधातु जिनालयः ।
कुत्रास्त्यत्र महीलोके तत्समादेष्टुमर्हति ॥ १.४७ ॥

svayambhū caityarājaḥ śrīdharmadhātu jinālayaḥ ।
kutrāstyatra mahīloke tatsamādeṣṭumarhati ॥ 1.47 ॥

English

Where in this world of earth is Swayambhu, king of caityas,
glorious abode of the Dharmadhātu Jina? Please instruct me on this.

नेपाली

यस पृथ्वीलोकमा स्वयम्भू चैत्यराज, श्रीधर्मधातु जिनालय,
कहाँ अवस्थित छ? कृपया त्यो बताइदिनुहोस्।

Purport

The gap is geography. He has been told to go somewhere without being told where it is. This is the question that turns a doctrinal dialogue into a book about a particular hill in a particular valley.

इति संप्रार्थितं तेन श्रुत्वा सोऽर्हन् यतिः सुधीः ।
जयश्री स्तं महासत्त्व समालोक्यैवमादिशत् ॥ १.४८ ॥

iti saṁprārthitaṁ tena śrutvā so'rhan yatiḥ sudhīḥ ।
jayaśrī staṁ mahāsattva samālokyaivamādiśat ॥ 1.48 ॥

English

Thus entreated by him, that wise Arhat ascetic Jayaśrī,
looking upon the great being, instructed thus:

नेपाली

उनले यसरी प्रार्थना गरेपछि, ती बुद्धिमान अर्हत यति जयश्रीले,
महासत्त्वलाई हेर्दै यस्तो उपदेश दिनुभयो:

Purport

One more turn of the familiar wheel, and then the poem finally leaves the abstractions of the teaching hall behind.

विद्यतेऽत्र महीलोके उत्तरस्यां हिमालये ।
नेपाल इति विख्यातो गोपुच्छाख्यो नगोत्तमः ॥ १.४९ ॥

vidyate'tra mahīloke uttarasyāṁ himālaye ।
nepāla iti vikhyāto gopucchākhyo nagottamaḥ ॥ 1.49 ॥

English

There exists in this world of earth, in the northern Himālaya,
a land renowned as Nepāla, where stands the foremost of mountains, called Gopuccha.

नेपाली

यस पृथ्वीलोकमा, उत्तरतर्फ हिमालयमा,
नेपाल भनी प्रसिद्ध देश छ, जहाँ गोपुच्छ नामको उत्तम पर्वत छ।

Purport

This is one of the great moments of the text. After forty-eight verses of universal teaching, the poem points to a spot on the map: north, in the Himalaya, a country called Nepāla, and in it a hill called Gopuccha, meaning 'Cow's Tail'. The hill is the one now crowned by the Swayambhu stupa above Kathmandu.

तद्गिरेर्नाम चातुर्ध्य चतुर्युगेषु वर्तते ।
तद्यथाभूद्युगे सत्ये पद्मगिरिरिति स्मृतः ॥ १.५० ॥

tadgirernāma cāturdhya caturyugeṣu vartate ।
tadyathābhūdyuge satye padmagiririti smṛtaḥ ॥ 1.50 ॥

English

That mountain bears four names, differing through the four ages.
Thus in the Satya age it was remembered as Padmagiri, the Lotus Mountain;

नेपाली

त्यो पर्वतको नाम चार युगमा चार किसिमको हुन्छ।
सत्ययुगमा त्यो पद्मगिरि भनी स्मरण गरिन्थ्यो;

Purport

The poet now gives the hill a biography. It has carried four names through the four world-ages, and the first is Lotus Mountain, a name that will make sense once we learn that a lotus once rose from the lake that filled this valley.

त्रेतायां वज्रकूटाख्यो गोशृंगो द्वापरे स्मृतः ।
इदानीं तु कलौऽसौ गोपुच्छ इति विश्रुतः ॥ १.५१ ॥

tretāyāṁ vajrakūṭākhyo gośṛṁgo dvāpare smṛtaḥ ।
idānīṁ tu kalau'sau gopuccha iti viśrutaḥ ॥ 1.51 ॥

English

In the Tretā age it was called Vajrakūṭa, in the Dvāpara it was known as Gośṛṅga,
and now in the Kali age it is renowned as Gopuccha.

नेपाली

त्रेतायुगमा यसलाई वज्रकूट भनियो, द्वापरमा गोशृङ्ग भनी चिनियो,
र अहिले कलियुगमा यो गोपुच्छ भनी प्रसिद्ध छ।

Purport

Vajra Peak, then Cow's Horn, then Cow's Tail. The sequence is a quiet piece of theology: as the ages decline, the names descend the animal from horn to tail. The hill stays the same; the world looking at it changes.

सोऽपिशैलो इदानीं तु लोकै नेपाल देशकैः ।
साम्हेगुरिति विख्यात स्तथासंप्रस्थितो भुवि ॥ १.५२ ॥

so'piśailo idānīṁ tu lokai nepāla deśakaiḥ ।
sāmheguriti vikhyāta stathāsaṁprasthito bhuvi ॥ 1.52 ॥

English

That same hill is now, among the people of the land of Nepāla,
renowned by the name Sāmhegu, and so it stands upon the earth.

नेपाली

त्यही डाँडालाई अहिले नेपाल देशका मानिसहरूले
साम्हेगु भनी चिन्दछन्, र त्यसै नामले यो पृथ्वीमा प्रसिद्ध छ।

Purport

A rare and precious verse: the Sanskrit text pauses to record the local Newar name of the hill, Sāmhegu, the form behind the Semgu or Swayambhu of everyday Kathmandu speech. For a moment the classical language steps aside to let the valley speak for itself.

स सर्वधातुरत्नादि सर्वद्रव्यमयोक्तमः ।
अश्वत्थ प्रमुखैः सर्वैः पादपैः संप्रशोभितः ॥ १.५३ ॥

sa sarvadhāturatnādi sarvadravyamayoktamaḥ ।
aśvattha pramukhaiḥ sarvaiḥ pādapaiḥ saṁpraśobhitaḥ ॥ 1.53 ॥

English

It is supreme, composed of every mineral, gem and substance,
beautified by trees of every kind, the aśvattha foremost among them.

नेपाली

त्यो पर्वत सबै धातु, रत्न र सबै द्रव्यले युक्त, सर्वोत्तम छ;
अश्वत्थलगायत सबै किसिमका वृक्षहरूले शोभायमान छ।

Purport

Now begins a long, loving description of the hill. It starts underground, with the metals and gems inside it, then comes up to the trees. The pipal is named first, as it always is in Buddhist texts, since a pipal sheltered the Buddha's awakening.

सर्वत्र कुसुमैः कान्तः सर्वौषधिफलद्रुमैः ।
सर्वपक्षिविरावैश्च भ्रमद्भ्रमरनिस्वनैः ॥ १.५४ ॥

sarvatra kusumaiḥ kāntaḥ sarvauṣadhiphaladrumaiḥ ।
sarvapakṣivirāvaiśca bhramadbhramaranisvanaiḥ ॥ 1.54 ॥

English

Lovely everywhere with blossoms, with herb-bearing and fruit trees,
loud with the cries of every kind of bird and the hum of circling bees.

नेपाली

सबैतिर फूलहरूले मनोहर, औषधि र फलका रूखहरूले भरिएको;
सबै किसिमका पक्षीका आवाज र घुमिरहेका भमराका गुञ्जनले गुञ्जायमान।

Purport

Sound enters the description. Birds calling, bees turning in the air. The poet is building a place you can hear as well as see, and the hum of bees is the oldest signal in Sanskrit poetry that a landscape is alive and fertile.

जन्तुभिः सकलैः स्नेह निबद्धमैत्रमानसैः ।
तपस्विवद्धया भद्रचारिभिः सनिषेवितः ॥ १.५५ ॥

jantubhiḥ sakalaiḥ sneha nibaddhamaitramānasaiḥ ।
tapasvivaddhayā bhadracāribhiḥ saniṣevitaḥ ॥ 1.55 ॥

English

Filled with creatures whose hearts are bound together in affection and friendliness,
frequented by ascetics grown in austerity and by those of noble conduct.

नेपाली

स्नेह र मैत्रीले बाँधिएका मनहरू भएका जीवजन्तुहरूले भरिएको;
तपस्यामा वृद्धि भएका तपस्वी र सदाचारीहरूले सेवित।

Purport

A striking detail: even the animals on this hill live in mutual affection. Sacred ground in this literature is recognised not only by what grows there but by how beings behave there, and hostility simply does not take hold.

अष्टांग गुणसंपन्न संशुद्धामृतनिर्झरैः ।
शोभितः पुष्पगंधाधि संवासितैः समीरणैः ॥ १.५६ ॥

aṣṭāṁga guṇasaṁpanna saṁśuddhāmṛtanirjharaiḥ ।
śobhitaḥ puṣpagaṁdhādhi saṁvāsitaiḥ samīraṇaiḥ ॥ 1.56 ॥

English

Adorned with pure nectar-streams endowed with the eight excellent qualities,
graced by breezes carrying the fragrance of flowers.

नेपाली

अष्टांग गुणले सम्पन्न शुद्ध अमृतझरनाहरूले सुशोभित;
फूलको सुगन्धले सुवासित शीतल बतासले मनोरम।

Purport

The 'eight qualities' are the classical marks of perfect water: cool, sweet, light, clear, pure, wholesome, pleasant to the throat, harmless to the stomach. The phrase will return later, when the poem describes the great lake that once filled this valley.

संसेवितः सदा दिव्य महोत्साहैर्विराजितः ।
सर्वलोकाधिपैर्नित्यं संसेवितः समादरैः ॥ १.५७ ॥

saṁsevitaḥ sadā divya mahotsāhairvirājitaḥ ।
sarvalokādhipairnityaṁ saṁsevitaḥ samādaraiḥ ॥ 1.57 ॥

English

Ever attended with divine and great festivity, shining in splendour,
constantly served with reverence by all the guardians of the world.

नेपाली

सधैँ दिव्य महोत्सवहरूले सेवित र देदीप्यमान;
सबै लोकपालहरूद्वारा नित्य आदरपूर्वक सेवित।

Purport

The description now lifts off the ground. It is not only birds and ascetics who frequent this hill but the guardian deities of the directions, and the festivals held here are described as divine rather than human.

तत्र रत्नमय पद्मः कर्ण्णिकायां समाश्रितः ।
दिव्य स्फटिकरत्नाभज्योतिरूपो निरञ्जनः ॥ १.५८ ॥

tatra ratnamaya padmaḥ karṇṇikāyāṁ samāśritaḥ ।
divya sphaṭikaratnābhajyotirūpo nirañjanaḥ ॥ 1.58 ॥

English

There, resting upon the pericarp of a jewelled lotus,
was a form of light, spotless, radiant like a divine crystal gem.

नेपाली

त्यहाँ रत्नमय कमलको कर्णिकामा आश्रित,
दिव्य स्फटिक रत्नजस्तै निर्मल ज्योतिस्वरूप विराजमान थियो।

Purport

At last, the thing itself. On the seed-cup of a jewelled lotus rests not a statue and not a god, but a form made of light, clear and stainless, like crystal. This is Swayambhu before it was ever a building.

एकहस्तः प्रमाणोच्चश्चैत्यरूपो जिनाश्रयः ।
स्वयम्भूः सर्वलोकानां भद्रार्थ समवस्थितः ॥ १.५९ ॥

ekahastaḥ pramāṇoccaścaityarūpo jināśrayaḥ ।
svayambhūḥ sarvalokānāṁ bhadrārtha samavasthitaḥ ॥ 1.59 ॥

English

A cubit in height, in the form of a caitya, the seat of the Jina,
the Self-Arisen, established for the welfare of all the worlds.

नेपाली

एक हात उचाइको, चैत्यको आकारको, जिनको आश्रयस्थल,
सर्वलोकको कल्याणका लागि विराजमान स्वयम्भू।

Purport

The poet gives the light a measurement, about eighteen inches, which is a curiously homely detail for something so exalted. And he names it: Swayambhu, the Self-Arisen. Nobody made it. It came by itself, and it stayed for everyone's sake.

ब्रह्म शक्रादिभिर्देवैः सर्वैल्लोकाधिपैरपि ।
सर्वैर्दैत्याधिपैश्चापि नागेन्द्रैः गरुडैरपि ॥ १.६० ॥

brahma śakrādibhirdevaiḥ sarvaillokādhipairapi ।
sarvairdaityādhipaiścāpi nāgendraiḥ garuḍairapi ॥ 1.60 ॥

English

By Brahmā, Śakra and the other gods, by all the guardians of the worlds,
by all the lords of the Daityas, by the Nāga kings and the Garuḍas,

नेपाली

ब्रह्मा, इन्द्रलगायत देवताहरूद्वारा, सबै लोकपालहरूद्वारा,
सबै दैत्याधिपतिहरू, नागेन्द्रहरू र गरुडहरूद्वारा पनि,

Purport

Now begins the great roll-call of worshippers, running across four verses. It opens at the top of the cosmos with Brahmā and Indra, then reaches down to the anti-gods, the serpent kings and their ancient enemies the garudas, who put aside their feud to come here.

सिद्धै विद्याधरैः साध्यैर्यक्षगन्धर्वकिन्नरैः ।
राक्षसेन्द्रैश्च रुद्रैश्च ग्रहैस्तारागणैरपि ॥ १.६१ ॥

siddhai vidyādharaiḥ sādhyairyakṣagandharvakinnaraiḥ ।
rākṣasendraiśca rudraiśca grahaistārāgaṇairapi ॥ 1.61 ॥

English

by Siddhas, Vidyādharas, Sādhyas, Yakṣas, Gandharvas and Kinnaras,
by the lords of Rākṣasas, by the Rudras, by the planets and the hosts of stars,

नेपाली

सिद्ध, विद्याधर, साध्य, यक्ष, गन्धर्व र किन्नरहरूद्वारा,
राक्षसेन्द्र, रुद्रहरू, ग्रह र तारागणहरूद्वारा पनि,

Purport

The list moves through the middle ranks of the Indian cosmos, past adepts, sky-wanderers, nature spirits and celestial musicians, and then out beyond them altogether, to the planets and the stars. Even the constellations are said to worship here.

वसुभिश्चाप्सरोभिश्च सर्वैश्च त्रिदशाधिपैः ।
ऋषिभिर्यतिभिः सर्वै योगिभिर्ब्रह्मचारिभिः ॥ १.६२ ॥

vasubhiścāpsarobhiśca sarvaiśca tridaśādhipaiḥ ।
ṛṣibhiryatibhiḥ sarvai yogibhirbrahmacāribhiḥ ॥ 1.62 ॥

English

by the Vasus and the Apsarases, by all the lords of the thirty gods,
by sages, renunciates, yogins and celibates,

नेपाली

वसुहरू र अप्सराहरूद्वारा, सबै त्रिदशाधिपतिहरूद्वारा,
ऋषि, यति, योगी र ब्रह्मचारीहरूद्वारा पनि,

Purport

Having exhausted the heavens, the poem comes back to earth and lists the human specialists in holiness: seers, renunciates, yogins, those keeping celibacy.

सर्वैश्च तीर्थिकैर्विज्ञैस्तापसैश्चापिसज्जनैः ।
दिवानिशं चतुः संध्यं दृष्ट्वा स्मृत्वा प्रवन्दितः ॥ १.६३ ॥

sarvaiśca tīrthikairvijñaistāpasaiścāpisajjanaiḥ ।
divāniśaṁ catuḥ saṁdhyaṁ dṛṣṭvā smṛtvā pravanditaḥ ॥ 1.63 ॥

English

and by all the tīrthikas, the learned, the austere and the virtuous,
day and night, at the four junctures, seen and remembered, it was worshipped.

नेपाली

र सबै तीर्थिक, विद्वान्, तपस्वी र सज्जनहरूद्वारा,
दिनरात, चारै सन्ध्यामा, दर्शन र स्मरण गरी वन्दना गरियो।

Purport

The catalogue closes generously. Even the tīrthikas, practitioners of other and non-Buddhist paths, are counted among the worshippers. And the worship happens 'seen and remembered': being physically present is one way of honouring it, holding it in mind is another.

नित्यकालं समागत्य समभ्यर्च्य समादरात् ।
संस्तुतिभिः महोत्साहैः संमानिताभिवन्दितः ॥ १.६४ ॥

nityakālaṁ samāgatya samabhyarcya samādarāt ।
saṁstutibhiḥ mahotsāhaiḥ saṁmānitābhivanditaḥ ॥ 1.64 ॥

English

Coming at every appointed time, worshipping with reverence,
with hymns and great festivals it was honoured and saluted.

नेपाली

नित्य निश्चित समयमा आएर, आदरपूर्वक पूजा गरी,
स्तुति र महोत्सवहरूसहित सम्मानित र वन्दित भयो।

Purport

The worship settles into a calendar. What began as wonder becomes ritual, with regular hours, fixed rites and recurring festivals. This is how a holy place becomes a living institution.

एवं स त्रिजगन्नाथः स्वयम्भू धर्मधातुकः ।
सर्वलोक हितार्थेन संभाषयन्समास्थितः ॥ १.६५ ॥

evaṁ sa trijagannāthaḥ svayambhū dharmadhātukaḥ ।
sarvaloka hitārthena saṁbhāṣayansamāsthitaḥ ॥ 1.65 ॥

English

Thus that Lord of the three worlds, Swayambhu, the Dharmadhātu,
remained there, speaking for the welfare of all the worlds.

नेपाली

यसरी ती त्रिजगन्नाथ स्वयम्भू धर्मधातु,
सर्वलोकको हितका लागि सम्भाषण गर्दै त्यहाँ विराजमान रहनुभयो।

Purport

A remarkable claim slipped in almost casually: the light did not merely shine, it spoke. For a long stretch of time Swayambhu was a teacher in the open air, visible to anyone who climbed the hill.

इदानीन्तु कलौ लोका दुष्टाः क्रूराशयाः शठाः ।
दृष्ट्वेदं धर्मधातुं हि हरिष्यन्ति न संशयः ॥ १.६६ ॥

idānīntu kalau lokā duṣṭāḥ krūrāśayāḥ śaṭhāḥ ।
dṛṣṭvedaṁ dharmadhātuṁ hi hariṣyanti na saṁśayaḥ ॥ 1.66 ॥

English

But now in the Kali age people are wicked, cruel-hearted and deceitful;
seeing this Dharmadhātu, they will surely carry it off; of this there is no doubt.

नेपाली

तर अब कलियुगमा मानिसहरू दुष्ट, क्रूर र शठ भएका छन्;
यो धर्मधातु देखेपछि तिनीहरूले निश्चय नै यसलाई हरण गर्नेछन्; यसमा शंका छैन।

Purport

And then the trouble. The age turns, people turn with it, and something openly visible and precious becomes something to be stolen. The verse is the reason for everything that happens next, and it explains why the holiest thing in the valley is no longer on view.

इत्यसौ शिलयाच्छाद्य गुप्ति कृत्वा प्रकाशितः ।
तदुपरीष्टिकाभिश्च विधाय चैत्यमुत्तमम् ॥ १.६७ ॥

ityasau śilayācchādya gupti kṛtvā prakāśitaḥ ।
taduparīṣṭikābhiśca vidhāya caityamuttamam ॥ 1.67 ॥

English

Thinking thus, he covered it with a stone and made it hidden, yet manifest;
and above it, with bricks, he fashioned an excellent caitya,

नेपाली

यस्तो विचार गरी, ढुङ्गाले छोपेर गुप्त बनाई पनि प्रकट राखियो;
र त्यसमाथि इँटाहरूले उत्तम चैत्य निर्माण गरियो।

Purport

Here is the founding act of the shrine as it stands today. A stone is laid over the flame, and a brick stupa is raised above the stone. The word the poet chooses is deliberate and paradoxical: hidden, and yet made manifest. The covering is not a burial. It is a way of continuing to show something that can no longer be shown.

छत्रध्वजपताकाभिरलंकृत्याध्यतिष्ठतम् ।
तत्रापि सर्वलोकैश्च सर्वलोकाधिपैरपि ॥ १.६८ ॥

chatradhvajapatākābhiralaṁkṛtyādhyatiṣṭhatam ।
tatrāpi sarvalokaiśca sarvalokādhipairapi ॥ 1.68 ॥

English

Adorning it with parasols, banners and flags, he established it there.
There too, by all the peoples and by all the guardians of the worlds,

नेपाली

छत्र, ध्वजा र पताकाहरूले सजाएर त्यहाँ प्रतिष्ठापित गरियो।
त्यहाँ पनि सबै जनता र सबै लोकपालहरूद्वारा,

Purport

The stupa is dressed in the traditional marks of honour, the tiered parasol above and banners and flags around it, and then consecrated. Anyone who has climbed the steps at Swayambhu has seen exactly this, the finial and the fluttering cloth, described here in an eighteenth-century poem.

समागत्य समाराध्य समभ्यर्च्याभिवन्दितः ।
सत्कारैश्च महोत्साहैः स्तुतिप्रदक्षिणादिभिः ॥ १.६९ ॥

samāgatya samārādhya samabhyarcyābhivanditaḥ ।
satkāraiśca mahotsāhaiḥ stutipradakṣiṇādibhiḥ ॥ 1.69 ॥

English

coming, propitiating and worshipping, it was saluted
with offerings, great festivals, hymns and circumambulations,

नेपाली

आएर, आराधना र पूजा गरी वन्दना गरियो,
सत्कार, महोत्सव, स्तुति र प्रदक्षिणाहरूद्वारा,

Purport

The worship continues unbroken even though its object is now out of sight. Circumambulation is named here for the first time: walking clockwise around the stupa, the single most characteristic act of devotion at Swayambhu to this day.

प्रणामैश्च समाराध्य सेवितो मानितोऽर्चितः ।
एवं स त्रिजगन्नाथो धर्मधातु जिनालयः ॥ १.७० ॥

praṇāmaiśca samārādhya sevito mānito'rcitaḥ ।
evaṁ sa trijagannātho dharmadhātu jinālayaḥ ॥ 1.70 ॥

English

and with prostrations it was propitiated, served, honoured and worshipped.
Thus that Lord of the three worlds, the Dharmadhātu, abode of the Jina,

नेपाली

र प्रणामहरूद्वारा आराधित, सेवित, सम्मानित र पूजित भयो।
यसरी ती त्रिजगन्नाथ धर्मधातु जिनालय,

Purport

The verse piles up four verbs for the same act, which is the poet's way of conveying abundance rather than repetition. The sentence runs on into the next verse, as it often does in this text.

सर्वसत्त्व शुभार्थेन संशोभितो व्यवस्थितः ।
तत्र ये शरणं गत्वा यान्ति शुद्धया मुदा ॥ १.७१ ॥

sarvasattva śubhārthena saṁśobhito vyavasthitaḥ ।
tatra ye śaraṇaṁ gatvā yānti śuddhayā mudā ॥ 1.71 ॥

English

stood resplendent for the good of all beings.
Those who go there for refuge with pure and joyful hearts,

नेपाली

सबै प्राणीहरूको कल्याणका लागि सुशोभित भई विराजमान रहनुभयो।
जो शुद्ध र प्रसन्न हृदयले त्यहाँ शरणमा जान्छन्,

Purport

The description closes and a promise opens. Having spent twenty verses on what Swayambhu is, the poem turns to what it does for those who come.

दुर्ग्गतिं ते न गच्छन्ति संसारेऽत्र कदाचन ।
सद्गतावेव संजाता धर्म्मश्री संघशोभिता ॥ १.७२ ॥

durggatiṁ te na gacchanti saṁsāre'tra kadācana ।
sadgatāveva saṁjātā dharmmaśrī saṁghaśobhitā ॥ 1.72 ॥

English

they never go to an evil destiny anywhere in saṁsāra.
Born only in fortunate states, graced by the glory of Dharma and Saṅgha,

नेपाली

तिनीहरू यस संसारमा कहिल्यै दुर्गतिमा जाँदैनन्।
सधैँ सद्गतिमा जन्मिएर, धर्म र संघको श्रीले सुशोभित भई,

Purport

The same guarantee given earlier for the vow is now attached to the place. Simply going there in the right spirit is treated as having the force of a practice.

बोधिसत्त्वा महासत्त्वाः परिशुद्धत्रिमण्डलाः ।
भद्रश्री सद्गुणाधाराः सर्वसत्त्व हितंकराः ॥ १.७३ ॥

bodhisattvā mahāsattvāḥ pariśuddhatrimaṇḍalāḥ ।
bhadraśrī sadguṇādhārāḥ sarvasattva hitaṁkarāḥ ॥ 1.73 ॥

English

they become Bodhisattvas and great beings, their three spheres purified,
bearers of glory and noble virtue, doers of good to all creatures.

नेपाली

तिनीहरू बोधिसत्त्व, महासत्त्व बन्छन्, शुद्ध त्रिमण्डलयुक्त,
भद्रश्री र सद्गुणका धारक, सबै प्राणीको हित गर्ने।

Purport

The 'three spheres' are body, speech and mind, the three channels through which a person acts. Purifying all three is the traditional shorthand for a life with nothing hidden in it.

बोधिचर्याव्रतं धृत्वा संचरे जगद्धिते ।
एवं यूयमपि ज्ञात्वा श्रद्धया शरणं गताः ॥ १.७४ ॥

bodhicaryāvrataṁ dhṛtvā saṁcare jagaddhite ।
evaṁ yūyamapi jñātvā śraddhayā śaraṇaṁ gatāḥ ॥ 1.74 ॥

English

Holding the vow of Bodhi-conduct, they move for the welfare of the world.
So you too, knowing this, having gone for refuge with faith,

नेपाली

बोधिचर्याव्रत धारण गरी तिनीहरू जगत्को हितमा लाग्छन्।
त्यसैले तिमीहरू पनि यो जानेर, श्रद्धापूर्वक शरणमा गई,

Purport

The teaching turns outward again to the listener. Notice how often this poem does that. It will not let the audience remain spectators of someone else's attainment.

स्वयम्भूचैत्यमाराध्य संचरध्वं व्रतं सदा ।
एवं कृत्वात्र संसारे भद्रश्री सद्गुणाश्रया ॥ १.७५ ॥

svayambhūcaityamārādhya saṁcaradhvaṁ vrataṁ sadā ।
evaṁ kṛtvātra saṁsāre bhadraśrī sadguṇāśrayā ॥ 1.75 ॥

English

worship the Swayambhu Caitya and keep the vow always.
Doing so, in this saṁsāra, becoming a vessel of glory and noble virtue,

नेपाली

स्वयम्भू चैत्यको आराधना गर्दै सधैँ व्रत आचरण गर।
यसरी गर्दा यस संसारमा भद्रश्री र सद्गुणको आश्रय बनी,

Purport

Two verbs carry the whole instruction: worship, and keep. The rest of the sentence describes what those two verbs do to a person over time.

बोधिसत्त्वा महासत्त्वा जिनात्मजा भविष्यथ ।
ततः संबोधिसंभारं पूरयित्वा यथाक्रमम् ॥ १.७६ ॥

bodhisattvā mahāsattvā jinātmajā bhaviṣyatha ।
tataḥ saṁbodhisaṁbhāraṁ pūrayitvā yathākramam ॥ 1.76 ॥

English

you shall become Bodhisattvas, great beings, sons of the Jina.
Then, fulfilling in due order the accumulations for awakening,

नेपाली

तिमीहरू बोधिसत्त्व, महासत्त्व, जिनपुत्र हुनेछौ।
त्यसपछि क्रमैसँग संबोधिसम्भार पूरा गर्दै,

Purport

The promise is made in the plural. It is not one exceptional disciple who is being singled out, but everyone in the assembly.

त्रिविधां बोधिमासाद्य संबुद्धपदमाप्स्यथ ।
इति तेन समादिष्टं निशम्य स महामतिः ॥ १.७७ ॥

trividhāṁ bodhimāsādya saṁbuddhapadamāpsyatha ।
iti tena samādiṣṭaṁ niśamya sa mahāmatiḥ ॥ 1.77 ॥

English

attaining the threefold Bodhi, you shall reach the state of a Perfect Buddha.
Hearing this instruction, that one of great intellect,

नेपाली

त्रिविध बोधि प्राप्त गरेर सम्बुद्धपद पाउनेछौ।
यो उपदेश सुनेर, ती महाबुद्धिमानले,

Purport

Jayaśrī's second teaching ends here, and the questioner is already stirring. The poem has explained the vow and located the place; only one question is left.

शास्तारं तं समालोक्य पुनरेवमवोचत् ।
भदन्त श्रोतुमिच्छामि यत्स्वयम्भू जिनालयः ॥ १.७८ ॥

śāstāraṁ taṁ samālokya punarevamavocat ।
bhadanta śrotumicchāmi yatsvayambhū jinālayaḥ ॥ 1.78 ॥

English

gazing upon the teacher, spoke once more:
Venerable one, I wish to hear about this Swayambhu, the abode of the Jina:

नेपाली

गुरुलाई हेर्दै फेरि यसो भने:
भदन्त, यो स्वयम्भू जिनालयको विषयमा म सुन्न चाहन्छु:

Purport

Having learned what to do and where to do it, the bodhisattva finally asks the question the whole text is named for.

कदा स्वयं समुत्पन्नः कथं च तदुपादिश ।
इति संप्रार्थिते तेन श्रुत्वा सोऽर्हन् यतिः सुधीः ॥ १.७९ ॥

kadā svayaṁ samutpannaḥ kathaṁ ca tadupādiśa ।
iti saṁprārthite tena śrutvā so'rhan yatiḥ sudhīḥ ॥ 1.79 ॥

English

when did it arise of itself, and how? Please teach me that.
Thus entreated, that wise Arhat ascetic,

नेपाली

यो कहिले र कसरी स्वयं उत्पन्न भयो? कृपया त्यो बताइदिनुहोस्।
यसरी प्रार्थना गरिएपछि, ती बुद्धिमान अर्हत यतिले,

Purport

When, and how. The whole remaining structure of the chapter, and much of the book, exists to answer these two small words.

जयश्रीस्तं महासत्त्वं संपश्यन्नेवमादिशत् ।
साधु शृणु महाभाग यथा मया श्रुतं गुरोः ॥ १.८० ॥

jayaśrīstaṁ mahāsattvaṁ saṁpaśyannevamādiśat ।
sādhu śṛṇu mahābhāga yathā mayā śrutaṁ guroḥ ॥ 1.80 ॥

English

Jayaśrī, gazing upon that great being, instructed thus:
Listen well, greatly fortunate one, as I heard it from my teacher.

नेपाली

जयश्रीले त्यो महासत्त्वलाई हेर्दै यसो भन्नुभयो:
हे महाभाग, राम्ररी सुन, जसरी मैले मेरा गुरुबाट सुनेको थिएँ।

Purport

'As I heard it from my teacher.' With that phrase the narrative slips one layer deeper. We are no longer hearing Jayaśrī's own account but a story he received from someone else, and that someone will turn out to have received it from someone else again.

तथाहं ते प्रवक्षामि स्वयम्भूत्पत्तिसत्कथाम् ।
तद्यथा पाटलीपुत्रे पुरेऽशोको नराधिपः ॥ १.८१ ॥

tathāhaṁ te pravakṣāmi svayambhūtpattisatkathām ।
tadyathā pāṭalīputre pure'śoko narādhipaḥ ॥ 1.81 ॥

English

So shall I tell you the true story of the origin of Swayambhu.
It was thus: in the city of Pāṭalīputra there was a king named Aśoka,

नेपाली

त्यसरी नै म तिमीलाई स्वयम्भूको उत्पत्तिको सत्कथा भन्नेछु।
यसरी भयो: पाटलीपुत्र नगरमा अशोक नामका राजा थिए,

Purport

A new story begins inside the old one, and it begins with a name every reader would know. Aśoka, emperor of Magadha in the third century BCE, ruled from Pāṭalīputra, the modern Patna, and was famous throughout Asia as the king who turned to the Dharma.

सद्धर्म साधनोत्साही त्रिरत्नसेवकोऽभवत् ।
स तत्र कुक्कुटारामे विहारे सुगताश्रमे ॥ १.८२ ॥

saddharma sādhanotsāhī triratnasevako'bhavat ।
sa tatra kukkuṭārāme vihāre sugatāśrame ॥ 1.82 ॥

English

zealous in the practice of the true Dharma, a servant of the Three Jewels.
He went there, to the Kukkuṭārāma monastery, the hermitage of the Sugata,

नेपाली

सद्धर्मको साधनामा उत्साही, त्रिरत्नका सेवक।
उनी त्यहाँ कुक्कुटाराम विहार, सुगताश्रममा गए,

Purport

The Kukkuṭārāma, the 'Cock's Garden monastery', was a real institution at Pāṭalīputra associated with Aśoka in several Buddhist traditions. The poem is anchoring its legend to a landscape its audience would have accepted as historical.

उपगुप्तं महाभिज्ञं वन्दितुं समुपाचरेत् ।
तदा सोऽर्हन्महाभिज्ञः सर्वसंघपुरस्कृतः ॥ १.८३ ॥

upaguptaṁ mahābhijñaṁ vandituṁ samupācaret ।
tadā so'rhanmahābhijñaḥ sarvasaṁghapuraskṛtaḥ ॥ 1.83 ॥

English

to salute Upagupta of great knowledge.
At that time that Arhat of great wisdom, honoured by the whole Saṅgha,

नेपाली

महाज्ञानी उपगुप्तलाई वन्दना गर्न।
त्यस बेला ती महाज्ञानी अर्हत, सम्पूर्ण संघद्वारा सम्मानित,

Purport

Upagupta is Aśoka's teacher in a whole family of Buddhist legends. He is the monk who guided the emperor's conversion and, in some tellings, took him on pilgrimage to the sites of the Buddha's life. Here he will be asked a question no one else can answer.

सभामध्यासनासीनस्तस्थौ ध्यात्वा समाहितः ।
तमर्हतं सभासीनं सर्वसंघपुरस्कृतम् ॥ १.८४ ॥

sabhāmadhyāsanāsīnastasthau dhyātvā samāhitaḥ ।
tamarhataṁ sabhāsīnaṁ sarvasaṁghapuraskṛtam ॥ 1.84 ॥

English

was seated on the seat in the midst of the assembly, absorbed in meditation.
Seeing that Arhat seated in the assembly, honoured by the whole Saṅgha,

नेपाली

सभाको बीचमा आसनमा बसेर ध्यानमा लीन थिए।
सभामा बसेका, सम्पूर्ण संघद्वारा सम्मानित ती अर्हतलाई देखेर,

Purport

The scene mirrors the opening of the chapter almost exactly: a teacher on a seat, a hall full of listeners, a visitor arriving. The repetition is deliberate; the poem is showing us that the same thing has been happening over and over across the centuries.

दृष्ट्वाशोकः स भूमीन्द्रो मुदितः समुपाचरत् ।
तत्र स सहसोपेत्य साञ्जलिरर्हतो यतीन् ॥ १.८५ ॥

dṛṣṭvāśokaḥ sa bhūmīndro muditaḥ samupācarat ।
tatra sa sahasopetya sāñjalirarhato yatīn ॥ 1.85 ॥

English

King Aśoka, lord of the earth, joyfully approached.
Coming there at once, with folded hands, before the Arhat ascetics,

नेपाली

पृथ्वीपति राजा अशोक हर्षित भई नजिक गए।
तुरुन्तै त्यहाँ पुगेर, हात जोडेर, अर्हत यतिहरूसामु,

Purport

An emperor hurries. The poet notes that he came at once and with his hands already folded, without any of the ceremony a king would normally be entitled to.

सर्वान्नत्वोपगुप्तं तमष्टांगैः प्राणमन्मुदा ।
ततस्तं गुरुमर्हन्तं महोत्साहैः यथाविधिम् ॥ १.८६ ॥

sarvānnatvopaguptaṁ tamaṣṭāṁgaiḥ prāṇamanmudā ।
tatastaṁ gurumarhantaṁ mahotsāhaiḥ yathāvidhim ॥ 1.86 ॥

English

he bowed to them all, and joyfully prostrated before Upagupta with the eight limbs.
Then, honouring that Arhat teacher with great festivity, according to rule,

नेपाली

सबैलाई नमन गरी, उपगुप्तलाई हर्षपूर्वक अष्टांग प्रणाम गरे।
त्यसपछि ती अर्हत गुरुलाई महोत्साहपूर्वक, विधिअनुसार,

Purport

The eight-limbed prostration puts forehead, chest, hands, knees and feet all on the ground at once. It is the most complete gesture of submission available, and the ruler of an empire performs it for a monk.

समभ्यर्च्य प्रणत्वा च धर्मं श्रोतुमुपाश्रयत् ।
तथा तन्मन्त्रिणः सर्वे सामात्यसचिवो जनाः ॥ १.८७ ॥

samabhyarcya praṇatvā ca dharmaṁ śrotumupāśrayat ।
tathā tanmantriṇaḥ sarve sāmātyasacivo janāḥ ॥ 1.87 ॥

English

worshipping and bowing, he sat down to hear the Dharma.
Likewise all his ministers, counsellors and attendants,

नेपाली

पूजा र प्रणाम गरी, धर्म सुन्न बसे।
त्यसरी नै उनका सबै मन्त्री, अमात्य र सचिवहरूले,

Purport

The king sits down to listen, and the court follows him down. The poet keeps noticing this: wherever the Dharma is taught, the ordinary order of rank suspends itself.

तमर्हन्तं यतिं नत्वा तत्रैकान्तमुपाश्रयत् ।
ततः सोऽर्हन्महाभिज्ञो दृष्ट्वा सर्वान् समाश्रितान् ॥ १.८८ ॥

tamarhantaṁ yatiṁ natvā tatraikāntamupāśrayat ।
tataḥ so'rhanmahābhijño dṛṣṭvā sarvān samāśritān ॥ 1.88 ॥

English

having bowed to that Arhat ascetic, took their seats to one side.
Then that Arhat of great knowledge, seeing all who had gathered,

नेपाली

ती अर्हत यतिलाई प्रणाम गरी एकातिर बसे।
त्यसपछि ती महाज्ञानी अर्हतले सबै उपस्थितहरूलाई देखेर,

Purport

'To one side' is a phrase straight out of the oldest Buddhist scriptures, where it marks the correct, unassuming place for a listener to sit. The poet is writing in a very old idiom on purpose.

आदिमध्यान्तकल्याणं सद्धर्मसमुपादिशत् ।
तत्सद्धर्मामृतं पीत्वा सर्वे लोकाः प्रबोधिताः ॥ १.८९ ॥

ādimadhyāntakalyāṇaṁ saddharmasamupādiśat ।
tatsaddharmāmṛtaṁ pītvā sarve lokāḥ prabodhitāḥ ॥ 1.89 ॥

English

taught the true Dharma, excellent in its beginning, middle and end.
Drinking that nectar of the true Dharma, all the people were awakened.

नेपाली

आदि, मध्य र अन्त्यमा कल्याणकारी सद्धर्मको उपदेश दिए।
त्यो सद्धर्मरूपी अमृत पिएर सबै मानिसहरू प्रबुद्ध भए।

Purport

'Good in the beginning, good in the middle, good in the end' is one of the standard formulas for the Buddha's teaching, repeated across centuries of texts. And the nectar image returns, with the assembly described as drinking rather than merely hearing.

धर्मविशेषमाज्ञाय संबोधिव्रतमीच्छिरे ।
ततः सोऽपि महाराजः श्रुत्वा तद्धर्ममुत्तमम् ॥ १.९० ॥

dharmaviśeṣamājñāya saṁbodhivratamīcchire ।
tataḥ so'pi mahārājaḥ śrutvā taddharmamuttamam ॥ 1.90 ॥

English

Recognising the excellence of the Dharma, they longed for the vow of awakening.
Then that great king too, having heard that supreme Dharma,

नेपाली

धर्मको विशेषता बुझेर तिनीहरूले संबोधिव्रतको इच्छा गरे।
त्यसपछि ती महाराजाले पनि त्यो उत्तम धर्म सुनेर,

Purport

The sermon produces an appetite rather than a conclusion. Everyone in the hall wants to take the vow, and so does the emperor, who is not exempt from being moved.

संबोधिसाधनचर्यां संचरितुं समैच्छत ।
ततः स नृपतिर्राजा साञ्जलिः समुपाश्रितः ॥ १.९१ ॥

saṁbodhisādhanacaryāṁ saṁcarituṁ samaicchata ।
tataḥ sa nṛpatirrājā sāñjaliḥ samupāśritaḥ ॥ 1.91 ॥

English

desired to undertake the practice that accomplishes awakening.
Then that ruler of men, with folded hands, drew near,

नेपाली

संबोधिसाधनको चर्या आचरण गर्ने इच्छा गरे।
त्यसपछि ती नरपतिले हात जोडेर नजिक गई,

Purport

For the second time in this scene Aśoka folds his hands. The poem is quietly building a portrait of a powerful man who has learned how to ask.

तमर्हन्तं महासत्त्वं नत्वा पश्यन् मुदावदत् ।
भदन्त श्रोतुमिच्छामि संबोधिसाधनं व्रतम् ॥ १.९२ ॥

tamarhantaṁ mahāsattvaṁ natvā paśyan mudāvadat ।
bhadanta śrotumicchāmi saṁbodhisādhanaṁ vratam ॥ 1.92 ॥

English

and bowing to that Arhat, that great being, he looked at him and joyfully said:
Venerable one, I wish to hear of the vow that accomplishes awakening.

नेपाली

ती महासत्त्व अर्हतलाई प्रणाम गरी, हेर्दै हर्षपूर्वक भने:
भदन्त, संबोधिसाधन व्रतको विषयमा सुन्न म चाहन्छु।

Purport

Aśoka now asks the same question Jineśvara asked at the start of the chapter, in almost the same words. The poem is constructed as a set of nested echoes: the same question travels down the centuries, and gets the same answer.

कुत्र पुण्यतमं क्षत्रं यत्राशु सिध्यते व्रतम् ।
तद्भवान् समुपादिश्य सर्वांल्लोकान् प्रबोधयन् ॥ १.९३ ॥

kutra puṇyatamaṁ kṣatraṁ yatrāśu sidhyate vratam ।
tadbhavān samupādiśya sarvāṁllokān prabodhayan ॥ 1.93 ॥

English

Where is the most meritorious field, in which the vow is swiftly fulfilled?
May you teach that, and awaken all the peoples,

नेपाली

कुन ठाउँ सबैभन्दा पुण्यक्षेत्र हो, जहाँ व्रत छिटो सिद्ध हुन्छ?
कृपया त्यो बताएर सबै लोकलाई प्रबोधित गर्नुहोस्,

Purport

Again the question is not only 'what' but 'where'. And again the questioner asks on everyone's behalf rather than his own, a king thinking about his subjects.

बोधिमार्गे समायुज्य संचारयितुमर्हति ।
इति संप्रार्थिते राज्ञा श्रुत्वा सोऽर्हन्महामतिः ॥ १.९४ ॥

bodhimārge samāyujya saṁcārayitumarhati ।
iti saṁprārthite rājñā śrutvā so'rhanmahāmatiḥ ॥ 1.94 ॥

English

and joining them to the path of awakening, set them walking upon it.
Thus entreated by the king, that Arhat of great intellect, having heard,

नेपाली

र तिनीहरूलाई बोधिमार्गमा जोडेर हिँडाउन योग्य हुनुहुन्छ।
राजाले यसरी प्रार्थना गरेपछि, ती महामति अर्हतले सुनेर,

Purport

The request completed, the frame closes and the answer begins. By now the reader can predict the shape of what comes next, which is exactly the effect the poet wants.

तमशोकं महीपालं सम्पश्यन्नेवमब्रवीत् ।
साधु शृणु महाराज यथा मे गुरुणोदितम् ॥ १.९५ ॥

tamaśokaṁ mahīpālaṁ sampaśyannevamabravīt ।
sādhu śṛṇu mahārāja yathā me guruṇoditam ॥ 1.95 ॥

English

gazing upon Aśoka, lord of the earth, spoke thus:
Listen well, great king, as it was told to me by my teacher.

नेपाली

पृथ्वीपति अशोकलाई हेर्दै यसो भने:
हे महाराज, राम्ररी सुन, जसरी मेरा गुरुले मलाई भन्नुभएको थियो।

Purport

Upagupta cites his own teacher, exactly as Jayaśrī did. Every narrator in this chapter is careful to say that he is repeating, not composing. The authority of the story rests on that chain.

तथाहं ते प्रवक्षामि बोधिव्रतं यदीच्छसि ।
सर्वक्षेत्रोत्तमो राजन्नुत्तरस्यां हिमालये ॥ १.९६ ॥

tathāhaṁ te pravakṣāmi bodhivrataṁ yadīcchasi ।
sarvakṣetrottamo rājannuttarasyāṁ himālaye ॥ 1.96 ॥

English

So shall I tell you the vow of awakening, if you desire it.
O King, the best of all fields lies in the northern Himālaya,

नेपाली

त्यसरी नै म तिमीलाई बोधिव्रत भन्नेछु, यदि तिमी चाहन्छौ भने।
हे राजन्, सबै क्षेत्रमध्ये उत्तम उत्तरतर्फ हिमालयमा छ,

Purport

And the answer arrives in the same words the earlier teacher used: north, in the Himalaya. Two teachers, separated by an unimaginable span of time, point in the same direction.

नेपाल इति विख्यातो यत्राशु सिध्यते व्रतम् ।
तत्राप्यति महत्पुण्यक्षेत्रं बुद्धैः प्रशंसितम् ॥ १.९७ ॥

nepāla iti vikhyāto yatrāśu sidhyate vratam ।
tatrāpyati mahatpuṇyakṣetraṁ buddhaiḥ praśaṁsitam ॥ 1.97 ॥

English

the land renowned as Nepāla, where the vow is swiftly fulfilled.
There too is a field of exceedingly great merit, praised by the Buddhas,

नेपाली

नेपाल भनी प्रसिद्ध देश, जहाँ व्रत छिटो सिद्ध हुन्छ।
त्यहाँ अत्यन्त महान् पुण्यक्षेत्र छ, बुद्धहरूद्वारा प्रशंसित,

Purport

Nepal is named a second time, now to an emperor. For a reader in the Kathmandu Valley this is the heart of the poem's claim: the greatest teachers of India directed the greatest kings of India towards this valley.

स्वयम्भूचैत्यराजस्य धर्मधातोः समाश्रयम् ।
तत्र यद्यत्कृतं कर्म तत्तत्संसिध्यते द्रुतम् ॥ १.९८ ॥

svayambhūcaityarājasya dharmadhātoḥ samāśrayam ।
tatra yadyatkṛtaṁ karma tattatsaṁsidhyate drutam ॥ 1.98 ॥

English

the abode of Swayambhu, king of caityas, the Dharmadhātu.
Whatever action is performed there is swiftly brought to fruit.

नेपाली

स्वयम्भू चैत्यराज, धर्मधातुको आश्रयस्थल।
त्यहाँ जे-जति कर्म गरिन्छ, त्यो सबै छिट्टै सिद्ध हुन्छ।

Purport

Here is the practical reason the place is prized: things ripen faster there. In a tradition where merit accumulates slowly across lifetimes, a ground that accelerates the process is worth crossing the subcontinent for.

इति सर्वैर्महासत्त्वैः संसेवितं जिनैरपि ।
इति विज्ञाय राजेन्द्र सम्बोधिं यदि वाञ्छसि ॥ १.९९ ॥

iti sarvairmahāsattvaiḥ saṁsevitaṁ jinairapi ।
iti vijñāya rājendra sambodhiṁ yadi vāñchasi ॥ 1.99 ॥

English

Thus it is served by all the great beings and by the Jinas as well.
Knowing this, O lord of kings, if you desire perfect awakening,

नेपाली

यसरी सबै महासत्त्व र जिनहरूद्वारा पनि यो सेवित छ।
यो जानेर, हे राजेन्द्र, यदि तिमी सम्बोधि चाहन्छौ भने,

Purport

The argument from precedent: the Buddhas themselves go there. If the enlightened attend this place, an aspirant hardly needs another recommendation.

तच्चैत्यशरणं गत्वा संचरस्व सुसंवरम् ।
एतत्पुण्यविशुद्धात्मा भद्रश्री सद्गुणर्द्धिमान् ॥ १.१०० ॥

taccaityaśaraṇaṁ gatvā saṁcarasva susaṁvaram ।
etatpuṇyaviśuddhātmā bhadraśrī sadguṇarddhimān ॥ 1.100 ॥

English

go for refuge to that caitya and practise the excellent vow.
Purified in self by this merit, endowed with glory and the wealth of virtue,

नेपाली

त्यो चैत्यको शरणमा गएर उत्तम व्रत आचरण गर।
यस पुण्यले विशुद्ध आत्मा भई, भद्रश्री र सद्गुणरूपी सम्पत्तिले युक्त भई,

Purport

The instruction given to the bodhisattva at the opening of the chapter is now given to an emperor, unchanged. The poem is quietly insisting that the advice does not vary with the rank of the person receiving it.

बोधिसत्त्वो महाभिज्ञो भवेः सर्वहितार्थभृत् ।
ततः क्रमेण सम्बोधिं संभारं परिपूरयन् ॥ १.१०१ ॥

bodhisattvo mahābhijño bhaveḥ sarvahitārthabhṛt ।
tataḥ krameṇa sambodhiṁ saṁbhāraṁ paripūrayan ॥ 1.101 ॥

English

you shall become a Bodhisattva of great knowledge, a bearer of benefit for all.
Then, gradually fulfilling the accumulations for awakening,

नेपाली

तिमी महाज्ञानी बोधिसत्त्व, सर्वहितकारी हुनेछौ।
त्यसपछि क्रमैसँग संबोधिसम्भार पूरा गर्दै,

Purport

Even for a king, the road is described as gradual. There is no shortcut offered anywhere in this chapter, only a better place to walk.

निःक्लेशोऽर्हञ्जगन्नाथः सम्बुद्धपदमाप्स्यसि ।
इति तेनार्हतादिष्टं निशम्य स नृपो मुदा ॥ १.१०२ ॥

niḥkleśo'rhañjagannāthaḥ sambuddhapadamāpsyasi ।
iti tenārhatādiṣṭaṁ niśamya sa nṛpo mudā ॥ 1.102 ॥

English

free of defilement, an Arhat, a lord of the world, you shall attain the state of a Perfect Buddha.
Hearing this instruction of the Arhat, that king joyfully

नेपाली

निःक्लेश, अर्हत, जगन्नाथ भई सम्बुद्धपद प्राप्त गर्नेछौ।
अर्हतको यो उपदेश सुनेर, ती राजाले हर्षपूर्वक

Purport

The destination named for Aśoka is the same one named for everyone else. And, like everyone else in this chapter, he immediately wants to know more.

उपगुप्तं गुरुं नत्वा पप्रच्छैवं समादरात् ।
भदन्त श्रोतुमिच्छामि स्वयम्भूत्पत्ति सत्कथाम् ॥ १.१०३ ॥

upaguptaṁ guruṁ natvā papracchaivaṁ samādarāt ।
bhadanta śrotumicchāmi svayambhūtpatti satkathām ॥ 1.103 ॥

English

bowed to his teacher Upagupta and asked reverently:
Venerable one, I wish to hear the true story of the origin of Swayambhu.

नेपाली

आफ्ना गुरु उपगुप्तलाई प्रणाम गरी आदरपूर्वक सोधे:
भदन्त, स्वयम्भूको उत्पत्तिको सत्कथा सुन्न म चाहन्छु।

Purport

The same question, a third time. The pattern is now fully visible: whoever hears of Swayambhu wants to know where it came from, and the answer always requires going further back.

कदा स्वयं समुत्पन्नं स्तत्समादेष्टुमर्हति ।
इति संप्रार्थितं राज्ञा श्रुत्वा सोऽर्हन् यतिः सुधीः ॥ १.१०४ ॥

kadā svayaṁ samutpannaṁ statsamādeṣṭumarhati ।
iti saṁprārthitaṁ rājñā śrutvā so'rhan yatiḥ sudhīḥ ॥ 1.104 ॥

English

When did it arise of itself? Please teach me that.
Thus entreated by the king, that wise Arhat ascetic,

नेपाली

यो कहिले स्वयं उत्पन्न भयो? कृपया त्यो बताइदिनुहोस्।
राजाले यसरी प्रार्थना गरेपछि, ती बुद्धिमान अर्हत यतिले,

Purport

'When did it arise by itself?' Each time this question is asked, the story that answers it is older than the last.

अशोकं तं महीपालं सम्पश्यन्नेवमादिशत् ।
साधु राजन् यथादिष्टं गुरुणा मे श्रुतं मया ॥ १.१०५ ॥

aśokaṁ taṁ mahīpālaṁ sampaśyannevamādiśat ।
sādhu rājan yathādiṣṭaṁ guruṇā me śrutaṁ mayā ॥ 1.105 ॥

English

gazing upon Aśoka, lord of the earth, instructed thus:
Very well, O King, as it was taught by my teacher and heard by me,

नेपाली

पृथ्वीपति अशोकलाई हेर्दै यस्तो उपदेश दिए:
हुन्छ, हे राजन्, जसरी मेरा गुरुले उपदेश दिनुभयो र मैले सुनेँ,

Purport

Once more the narrator names his source. We are about to descend another level, into the deepest and oldest frame the chapter contains.

तथाहं संप्रवक्षामि शृणुष्व तत्समाहितः ।
तदा चासौ जगच्छास्ता शाक्यमुनिस्तथागतः ॥ १.१०६ ॥

tathāhaṁ saṁpravakṣāmi śṛṇuṣva tatsamāhitaḥ ।
tadā cāsau jagacchāstā śākyamunistathāgataḥ ॥ 1.106 ॥

English

so shall I relate it; listen attentively.
At that time the Teacher of the world, Śākyamuni the Tathāgata,

नेपाली

त्यसरी नै म भन्नेछु; ध्यानपूर्वक सुन।
त्यस बेला जगत्का शास्ता शाक्यमुनि तथागत,

Purport

And now the Buddha himself walks into the poem. Everything so far, Jayaśrī's monastery and Aśoka's court alike, has been preparation for this scene.

सर्वज्ञो धर्मराजोऽर्हन्मुनीश्वरो विनायकः ।
स सर्वः सांधिकैः सार्द्धं जनपदेषु संचरन् ॥ १.१०७ ॥

sarvajño dharmarājo'rhanmunīśvaro vināyakaḥ ।
sa sarvaḥ sāṁdhikaiḥ sārddhaṁ janapadeṣu saṁcaran ॥ 1.107 ॥

English

the Omniscient One, Dharma-king, Arhat, Lord of Sages, Guide,
wandering with all his companions through the countries,

नेपाली

सर्वज्ञ, धर्मराज, अर्हत, मुनीश्वर, विनायक,
आफ्ना सबै सांघिकहरूसहित जनपदहरूमा विचरण गर्दै,

Purport

He is given five titles in a single line, and then shown doing the most ordinary thing he ever did: walking from place to place with his community, as he is said to have done for forty-five years.

एकस्मिन् समये तत्र नेपाले समुपाचरत् ।
गोपुच्छपर्व्वतपार्श्वे पश्चिमे श्रीस्वयम्भूवः ॥ १.१०८ ॥

ekasmin samaye tatra nepāle samupācarat ।
gopucchaparvvatapārśve paścime śrīsvayambhūvaḥ ॥ 1.108 ॥

English

on one occasion came there, to Nepāla,
to the western side of the Gopuccha mountain of glorious Swayambhu,

नेपाली

एक समय त्यहाँ, नेपालमा आइपुग्नुभयो,
श्रीस्वयम्भूको गोपुच्छ पर्वतको पश्चिमपट्टि,

Purport

The Buddha comes to Nepal. For readers in the valley this is the central assertion of the whole tradition, and the poet states it without fanfare, as one more stop on a long walk. He even specifies which side of the hill.

पुच्छाग्रोऽभिध चैत्यस्यसंन्निधौ सुगताश्रमे ।
सर्वसत्त्वहितार्थेन पूर्णन्दुरिव भासयन् ॥ १.१०९ ॥

pucchāgro'bhidha caityasyasaṁnnidhau sugatāśrame ।
sarvasattvahitārthena pūrṇanduriva bhāsayan ॥ 1.109 ॥

English

near the caitya called Pucchāgra, in a hermitage of the Sugata;
for the welfare of all beings, shining like the full moon,

नेपाली

पुच्छाग्र नामको चैत्यको नजिक, सुगताश्रममा;
सबै प्राणीको हितका लागि पूर्णचन्द्रझैँ प्रकाशित हुँदै,

Purport

Pucchāgra means 'tip of the tail', the far end of the cow's-tail ridge, a place still identified in the valley's sacred geography. The simile of the full moon is a favourite for the Buddha: cool light, visible to everyone, asking nothing.

सद्धर्म्म समुपादेष्टुं विजहार ससांधिकः ।
यदा स भगवाञ्छास्तान् सत्त्वानां धर्म्म वृद्धये ॥ १.११० ॥

saddharmma samupādeṣṭuṁ vijahāra sasāṁdhikaḥ ।
yadā sa bhagavāñchāstān sattvānāṁ dharmma vṛddhaye ॥ 1.110 ॥

English

he dwelt there with his companions to teach the true Dharma.
When that Blessed Teacher, for the increase of Dharma among beings,

नेपाली

सद्धर्मको उपदेश दिन सांघिकहरूसहित त्यहाँ बस्नुभयो।
जब ती भगवान् शास्ताले प्राणीहरूमा धर्मवृद्धिका लागि,

Purport

The Buddha settles at the western end of the Swayambhu ridge and begins to teach. The scene is being set for the chapter's climactic sermon.

सद्धर्म्म समुपादेष्टुं सभासने समाश्रयत् ।
तं दृष्ट्वा तदा तत्र मञ्जुश्रियः समाश्रमे ॥ १.१११ ॥

saddharmma samupādeṣṭuṁ sabhāsane samāśrayat ।
taṁ dṛṣṭvā tadā tatra mañjuśriyaḥ samāśrame ॥ 1.111 ॥

English

took his seat in the assembly to teach the true Dharma;
seeing him then, there at Mañjuśrī's hermitage,

नेपाली

सद्धर्म उपदेश गर्न सभासनमा विराजमान हुनुभयो;
त्यस बेला मञ्जुश्रीको आश्रममा उहाँलाई देखेर,

Purport

A name drops in almost without ceremony, and it is one of the most important in the valley: Mañjuśrī, the bodhisattva of wisdom, who in this tradition cut open the hills to drain the ancient lake. His hermitage is already standing nearby when the Buddha arrives.

विहारे वासिनी चूडाभिधानी ब्रह्मचारिणी ।
अर्हन्ती भिक्षुणी भद्रा सद्धर्म्मगुणवाञ्छिनी ॥ १.११२ ॥

vihāre vāsinī cūḍābhidhānī brahmacāriṇī ।
arhantī bhikṣuṇī bhadrā saddharmmaguṇavāñchinī ॥ 1.112 ॥

English

a celibate nun dwelling in that monastery, named Cūḍā,
an Arhatī, a noble bhikṣuṇī, longing for the virtues of the true Dharma,

नेपाली

त्यो विहारमा बस्ने चूडा नामकी ब्रह्मचारिणी,
अर्हती, भद्र भिक्षुणी, सद्धर्मगुणकी अभिलाषिणी,

Purport

Here is a figure worth pausing over. A nun named Cūḍā, living at Mañjuśrī's hermitage, and the text calls her an Arhatī, a woman who has completed the path. She is named individually, which in a poem full of anonymous crowds is a real distinction.

सुप्रसन्नाश्रया शुद्धा काषाय चीवरावृता ।
दिव्यपूजोपचाराणि समादाय प्रमोदिता ॥ १.११३ ॥

suprasannāśrayā śuddhā kāṣāya cīvarāvṛtā ।
divyapūjopacārāṇi samādāya pramoditā ॥ 1.113 ॥

English

of serene disposition, pure, clad in saffron robes,
joyfully taking up divine offerings and requisites,

नेपाली

प्रसन्न स्वभावकी, शुद्ध, काषाय चीवर धारण गरेकी,
दिव्य पूजा-सामग्रीहरू हर्षपूर्वक लिएर,

Purport

The poet dresses her carefully in ochre robes and puts offerings in her hands. For four verses the camera stays on one woman walking to hear a sermon.

तत्सद्धर्मामृतं पातुं तत्राशु समुपाचरत् ।
तदा तत्र महासत्त्वा बोधिसत्त्वा जिनात्मजाः ॥ १.११४ ॥

tatsaddharmāmṛtaṁ pātuṁ tatrāśu samupācarat ।
tadā tatra mahāsattvā bodhisattvā jinātmajāḥ ॥ 1.114 ॥

English

she came swiftly there to drink the nectar of that true Dharma.
Then there the great beings, the Bodhisattvas, sons of the Jina,

नेपाली

त्यो सद्धर्मरूपी अमृत पिउन उनी हतारिँदै त्यहाँ आइन्।
त्यसपछि त्यहाँ महासत्त्व, बोधिसत्त्व, जिनपुत्रहरू,

Purport

She hurries. Of all the thousands who will fill this assembly, she is the one whose eagerness the poem actually describes.

मैत्रेयप्रमुखाः सर्वे तद्धर्म श्रोतुमागताः ।
अर्हन्तो भिक्षवश्चापि श्रावका ब्रह्मचारिणः ॥ १.११५ ॥

maitreyapramukhāḥ sarve taddharma śrotumāgatāḥ ।
arhanto bhikṣavaścāpi śrāvakā brahmacāriṇaḥ ॥ 1.115 ॥

English

headed by Maitreya, all came to hear that Dharma;
Arhats and monks too, disciples and celibates,

नेपाली

मैत्रेयलगायत सबै त्यो धर्म सुन्न आए;
अर्हत र भिक्षुहरू, श्रावक र ब्रह्मचारीहरू पनि,

Purport

Maitreya arrives at the head of the bodhisattvas. He is the buddha-to-be, who in Buddhist belief waits in the Tuṣita heaven to be born when this teaching has been forgotten. He will be the one who asks the last and most important question.

भिक्षुण्यो ब्रह्मचारिण्यः चैलका व्रतिनोऽपि च ।
त्रिरत्नशरणासीनाश्चोपासका उपासिकाः ॥ १.११६ ॥

bhikṣuṇyo brahmacāriṇyaḥ cailakā vratino'pi ca ।
triratnaśaraṇāsīnāścopāsakā upāsikāḥ ॥ 1.116 ॥

English

nuns and celibate women, cailakas and keepers of vows,
and lay men and women seated in the refuge of the Three Jewels,

नेपाली

भिक्षुणी र ब्रह्मचारिणीहरू, चैलक र व्रतीहरू,
र त्रिरत्नको शरणमा बसेका उपासक-उपासिकाहरू,

Purport

The catalogue of the opening scene returns, with the same insistence on naming women alongside men and lay people alongside monastics. The poet repeats the list because the composition of the audience is part of what he is claiming.

बौद्धभक्तिरताः सर्वे तद्धर्मश्रोतुमागताः ।
सर्वे ते समुपायातास्तत्र सभासनाश्रितम् ॥ १.११७ ॥

bauddhabhaktiratāḥ sarve taddharmaśrotumāgatāḥ ।
sarve te samupāyātāstatra sabhāsanāśritam ॥ 1.117 ॥

English

all devoted to the Buddha, came to hear that Dharma.
All of them, approaching him seated on the assembly seat,

नेपाली

सबै बौद्ध भक्तिमा रत भई त्यो धर्म सुन्न आए।
ती सबै सभासनमा विराजमान उहाँको नजिक पुगेर,

Purport

The crowd converges on a single seated figure. Note how consistently this poem imagines teaching as a physical gathering rather than a text.

संबुद्धं तं समालोक्य मुदिताः समुपाचरन् ।
ते सर्वेऽभ्यर्च्य तं नाथं नत्वा साञ्जलयोर्मुदा ॥ १.११८ ॥

saṁbuddhaṁ taṁ samālokya muditāḥ samupācaran ।
te sarve'bhyarcya taṁ nāthaṁ natvā sāñjalayormudā ॥ 1.118 ॥

English

beheld the Perfect Buddha and joyfully drew near.
All of them worshipped that Lord, bowing with folded hands in joy,

नेपाली

सम्बुद्धलाई देखेर हर्षित भई नजिक गए।
ती सबैले उहाँको पूजा गरी, हात जोडेर हर्षपूर्वक प्रणाम गरे,

Purport

The word for joy appears twice in two lines. The poet will not let this be a solemn occasion. The mood of the assembly is delight.

तत्सद्धर्मामृत पातुं तत्सभायां समाश्रयन् ।
ब्रह्मशक्रादया देवाः सर्वे लोकाधिपा अपि ॥ १.११९ ॥

tatsaddharmāmṛta pātuṁ tatsabhāyāṁ samāśrayan ।
brahmaśakrādayā devāḥ sarve lokādhipā api ॥ 1.119 ॥

English

and sat in that assembly to drink the nectar of the true Dharma.
Brahmā, Śakra and the other gods, and all the guardians of the worlds,

नेपाली

र त्यो सद्धर्मरूपी अमृत पिउन सभामा बसे।
ब्रह्मा, इन्द्रलगायत देवताहरू र सबै लोकपालहरू पनि,

Purport

The human assembly settles, and the poet lifts his gaze. The gods are arriving too, and another great catalogue begins.

ग्रहास्तारागणाश्चापि सिद्धा विद्याधरा अपि ।
साध्या रुद्राश्च गन्धर्वा यक्षगुह्यककिन्नराः ॥ १.१२० ॥

grahāstārāgaṇāścāpi siddhā vidyādharā api ।
sādhyā rudrāśca gandharvā yakṣaguhyakakinnarāḥ ॥ 1.120 ॥

English

the planets and the hosts of stars, the Siddhas and Vidyādharas,
the Sādhyas and Rudras, the Gandharvas, Yakṣas, Guhyakas and Kinnaras,

नेपाली

ग्रह र तारागणहरू, सिद्ध र विद्याधरहरू,
साध्य र रुद्रहरू, गन्धर्व, यक्ष, गुह्यक र किन्नरहरू,

Purport

The same ranks who worshipped the self-arisen light on the hill now come to hear the Buddha speak about it. The poem is deliberately making the two scenes rhyme.

दैत्येन्द्रा राक्षसेन्द्राच नागेन्द्रा गरुडा अपि ।
एवमन्येपि लोकेन्द्राः सर्वे तत्र मुदागताः ॥ १.१२१ ॥

daityendrā rākṣasendrāca nāgendrā garuḍā api ।
evamanyepi lokendrāḥ sarve tatra mudāgatāḥ ॥ 1.121 ॥

English

the lords of the Daityas and of the Rākṣasas, the Nāga kings and the Garuḍas,
and other rulers of the worlds as well; all came there with joy.

नेपाली

दैत्येन्द्र र राक्षसेन्द्रहरू, नागेन्द्र र गरुडहरू,
र अन्य लोकेन्द्रहरू पनि; सबै हर्षपूर्वक त्यहाँ आए।

Purport

Nāgas and garuḍas again, sworn enemies in Indian myth, arriving at the same sermon. The poet keeps using them as shorthand for the reach of the Dharma, since even old hatreds are suspended here.

तं मुनीन्द्रं समभ्यर्च्य नत्वा तत्र समाश्रयन् ।
हारिती यक्षिणी चापि बोधिसत्त्वानुपालिनी ॥ १.१२२ ॥

taṁ munīndraṁ samabhyarcya natvā tatra samāśrayan ।
hāritī yakṣiṇī cāpi bodhisattvānupālinī ॥ 1.122 ॥

English

Worshipping that Lord of Sages and bowing, they took their places there.
And Hāritī the Yakṣiṇī too, protectress of Bodhisattvas,

नेपाली

ती मुनीन्द्रको पूजा र प्रणाम गरी तिनीहरू त्यहाँ बसे।
र बोधिसत्त्वहरूकी संरक्षिका हारिती यक्षिणी पनि,

Purport

Hāritī has one of the best-loved stories in Buddhism: an ogress who devoured children until the Buddha hid one of her own, taught her what loss felt like, and turned her into the guardian of children. In the Kathmandu Valley she is Ajimā, still worshipped on the Swayambhu hill today.

सा भवन्तं तमानस्य तत्सभायां समाश्रिता ।
अथ स भगवाञ्छास्ता दृष्ट्वा सर्वान् समाश्रितान् ॥ १.१२३ ॥

sā bhavantaṁ tamānasya tatsabhāyāṁ samāśritā ।
atha sa bhagavāñchāstā dṛṣṭvā sarvān samāśritān ॥ 1.123 ॥

English

she brought her retinue and took her seat in that assembly.
Then that Blessed Teacher, seeing all who had gathered,

नेपाली

आफ्ना परिवारसहित त्यो सभामा आएर बसिन्।
त्यसपछि ती भगवान् शास्ताले सबै उपस्थितहरूलाई देखेर,

Purport

The assembly is complete: humans, monastics, gods, spirits, and a reformed ogress with her children. The Buddha looks over the whole gathering, and that look, as always in this poem, is what precedes speech.

मैत्रेयं समुपामन्त्र्य सम्पश्यन्नेवमादिशत् ।
मैत्रेयेमं जगन्नाथं स्वयम्भूवं जिनालयम् ॥ १.१२४ ॥

maitreyaṁ samupāmantrya sampaśyannevamādiśat ।
maitreyemaṁ jagannāthaṁ svayambhūvaṁ jinālayam ॥ 1.124 ॥

English

addressed Maitreya and, gazing upon him, instructed thus:
Maitreya, this Lord of the world, Swayambhu, abode of the Jina,

नेपाली

मैत्रेयलाई सम्बोधन गर्दै, हेर्दै, यस्तो उपदेश दिनुभयो:
हे मैत्रेय, यी जगन्नाथ स्वयम्भू जिनालय,

Purport

The Buddha speaks first, unasked, and he speaks about Swayambhu. He is standing on the hill; the thing he is pointing at is directly above the assembly.

धर्मधातुं त्रिरत्नायं पश्यध्वं यूयमादरात् ।
भजध्वं श्रद्धया नित्यं गत्वात्र शरणं मुदा ॥ १.१२५ ॥

dharmadhātuṁ triratnāyaṁ paśyadhvaṁ yūyamādarāt ।
bhajadhvaṁ śraddhayā nityaṁ gatvātra śaraṇaṁ mudā ॥ 1.125 ॥

English

the Dharmadhātu, the Three Jewels. Behold it with reverence.
Worship it always with faith, going there for refuge in joy.

नेपाली

धर्मधातु, त्रिरत्नस्वरूप। यसलाई आदरपूर्वक हेर।
श्रद्धापूर्वक सधैँ भजन गर, हर्षपूर्वक त्यहाँ शरणमा गएर।

Purport

An extraordinary identification is made in half a line: the stupa is not merely a monument to the Three Jewels, it is the Three Jewels. This is the theological claim on which the whole cult of Swayambhu rests.

बोधिचर्याव्रतं धृत्वा संचरन्ते जगद्धिते ।
श्रद्धया ये भजन्त्यत्र शरणं समुपाश्रिताः ॥ १.१२६ ॥

bodhicaryāvrataṁ dhṛtvā saṁcarante jagaddhite ।
śraddhayā ye bhajantyatra śaraṇaṁ samupāśritāḥ ॥ 1.126 ॥

English

Holding the vow of Bodhi-conduct, they move for the welfare of the world.
Those who with faith worship here, taking refuge,

नेपाली

बोधिचर्याव्रत धारण गरी तिनीहरू जगत्को हितमा लाग्छन्।
जो श्रद्धापूर्वक यहाँ भजन गर्छन्, शरण लिन्छन्,

Purport

The Buddha's own teaching now repeats, nearly word for word, what Jayaśrī taught at the opening of the chapter. The repetition is the point: the reader is meant to recognise that the teaching has come down intact.

बोधिचर्याव्रतं धृत्वा संचरन्ते जगद्धिते ।
सर्वे विमुक्तपापास्ते परिशुद्ध त्रिमण्डलाः ॥ १.१२७ ॥

bodhicaryāvrataṁ dhṛtvā saṁcarante jagaddhite ।
sarve vimuktapāpāste pariśuddha trimaṇḍalāḥ ॥ 1.127 ॥

English

holding the vow of Bodhi-conduct, move for the welfare of the world;
all of them, freed from sin, their three spheres purified,

नेपाली

बोधिचर्याव्रत धारण गरी जगत्को हितमा लाग्छन्;
ती सबै पापमुक्त भई, शुद्ध त्रिमण्डलयुक्त भई,

Purport

The poet lets a line repeat verbatim from the verse before. In a text meant to be chanted aloud, this kind of overlap is a device rather than an error, and it locks the two verses together in the ear.

बोधिसत्त्वा महाभिज्ञाः भवेयुः सद्गुणाश्रयाः ।
भद्रश्रीसुखसम्पन्नश्चतुर्ब्रह्मविहारिणः ॥ १.१२८ ॥

bodhisattvā mahābhijñāḥ bhaveyuḥ sadguṇāśrayāḥ ।
bhadraśrīsukhasampannaścaturbrahmavihāriṇaḥ ॥ 1.128 ॥

English

become Bodhisattvas of great knowledge, vessels of noble virtue,
endowed with glory and happiness, dwelling in the four Brahmavihāras,

नेपाली

महाज्ञानी बोधिसत्त्व, सद्गुणका आश्रय बन्छन्,
भद्रश्री र सुखले सम्पन्न, चार ब्रह्मविहारमा विहार गर्दै,

Purport

The four brahmavihāras return: kindness, compassion, joy in others' good fortune, and evenness of mind. The poem treats them not as exercises but as a place to live.

सर्वसत्त्व हितोद्युक्ताः संबोधिव्रतचारिणः ।
न क्वापि दुर्गतिंयायुः सदा सद्गतिसंभवाः ॥ १.१२९ ॥

sarvasattva hitodyuktāḥ saṁbodhivratacāriṇaḥ ।
na kvāpi durgatiṁyāyuḥ sadā sadgatisaṁbhavāḥ ॥ 1.129 ॥

English

devoted to the welfare of all beings, practitioners of the vow of awakening.
Nowhere do they fall into an evil destiny; they are always born in fortunate states,

नेपाली

सबै प्राणीको हितमा उद्यत, संबोधिव्रतका आचरणकर्ता।
तिनीहरू कतै दुर्गतिमा पर्दैनन्; सधैँ सद्गतिमा जन्मिन्छन्,

Purport

The guarantee is restated by the highest possible authority. What Jayaśrī promised his students, the Buddha now promises his.

त्रिरत्नभजनोत्साहाः सद्धर्म्मसाधनोद्यमाः ।
ततः प्रव्रज्या संबुद्धशासने शरणं गताः ॥ १.१३० ॥

triratnabhajanotsāhāḥ saddharmmasādhanodyamāḥ ।
tataḥ pravrajyā saṁbuddhaśāsane śaraṇaṁ gatāḥ ॥ 1.130 ॥

English

eager in the worship of the Three Jewels, striving in the practice of the true Dharma.
Then, going forth, they take refuge in the teaching of the Perfect Buddha,

नेपाली

त्रिरत्नको भजनमा उत्साही, सद्धर्मसाधनमा उद्यमशील।
त्यसपछि प्रव्रज्या लिएर सम्बुद्धशासनको शरणमा गएर,

Purport

'Going forth' is the technical term for leaving home to become a monk or nun. The path described here begins with lay worship and ends, for some, in full renunciation.

ब्रह्मचर्यव्रतं धृत्वा संचरेरन् समाहिताः ।
ततस्ते निर्मलात्मानो निःक्लेशाः विजितेन्द्रियाः ॥ १.१३१ ॥

brahmacaryavrataṁ dhṛtvā saṁcareran samāhitāḥ ।
tataste nirmalātmāno niḥkleśāḥ vijitendriyāḥ ॥ 1.131 ॥

English

and holding the vow of celibacy, they live composed.
Then, stainless in self, free of defilement, their senses mastered,

नेपाली

ब्रह्मचर्यव्रत धारण गरी समाहित भई विचरण गर्छन्।
त्यसपछि निर्मल आत्मा भई, निःक्लेश, जितेन्द्रिय भई,

Purport

Three results in a row, each one internal: no stain, no defilement, senses under control. The poem has moved from the geography of a hill to the geography of a mind.

त्रिविधां बोधिमासाद्य सम्बुद्धपदमाप्नुयुः ।
एवं विज्ञाय ये मर्त्या वाञ्छन्ति सौगतं पदम् ॥ १.१३२ ॥

trividhāṁ bodhimāsādya sambuddhapadamāpnuyuḥ ।
evaṁ vijñāya ye martyā vāñchanti saugataṁ padam ॥ 1.132 ॥

English

attaining the threefold Bodhi, they reach the state of the Perfect Buddha.
Knowing this, those mortals who long for the state of the Sugata,

नेपाली

त्रिविध बोधि प्राप्त गरेर सम्बुद्धपद पाउँछन्।
यो जानेर, जुन मर्त्यहरू सौगतपद चाहन्छन्,

Purport

The word 'mortals' is doing quiet work. The gods are sitting in this very assembly, but the invitation is addressed to human beings, who alone are in a position to need it.

ते भजन्तु सदात्रैव श्रद्धया शरणाश्रिताः ।
इत्यादिष्टं मुनीन्द्रेण निशम्य ते सभाश्रिताः ॥ १.१३३ ॥

te bhajantu sadātraiva śraddhayā śaraṇāśritāḥ ।
ityādiṣṭaṁ munīndreṇa niśamya te sabhāśritāḥ ॥ 1.133 ॥

English

let them always worship right here, taking refuge with faith.
Hearing this instruction of the Lord of Sages, those gathered in the assembly,

नेपाली

तिनीहरूले सधैँ यहीँ श्रद्धापूर्वक शरण लिई भजन गरून्।
मुनीन्द्रको यो उपदेश सुनेर, सभामा उपस्थित ती सबै,

Purport

'Right here.' The Buddha's instruction ends by pointing at the ground under the assembly's feet. Of all the sacred places in the Buddhist world, this is the one he names.

सर्वे लोकाः प्रमोदन्तस्तथा भजितुमीच्छिरे ।
मैत्रेयः स ततो धीमान् बोधिसत्त्वो हि मोदितः ॥ १.१३४ ॥

sarve lokāḥ pramodantastathā bhajitumīcchire ।
maitreyaḥ sa tato dhīmān bodhisattvo hi moditaḥ ॥ 1.134 ॥

English

all the people rejoiced and likewise longed to worship.
Then the wise Maitreya, that Bodhisattva, delighted,

नेपाली

सबै मानिसहरू प्रमुदित भई त्यसरी नै भजन गर्ने इच्छा गरे।
त्यसपछि ती बुद्धिमान बोधिसत्त्व मैत्रेय, हर्षित भई,

Purport

The sermon lands. And Maitreya, the next Buddha, is moved enough to get to his feet.

समुत्थाय मुनीन्द्रस्य पुरतः समुपाचरन् ।
उद्वहन्नुत्तरासंगं प्रणत्वा तं मुनीश्वरम् ॥ १.१३५ ॥

samutthāya munīndrasya purataḥ samupācaran ।
udvahannuttarāsaṁgaṁ praṇatvā taṁ munīśvaram ॥ 1.135 ॥

English

rose and came before the Lord of Sages;
lifting his upper robe over one shoulder, bowing to that Lord of Sages,

नेपाली

उठेर मुनीन्द्रको अगाडि गए;
उत्तरासंग एकातिर मिलाएर, ती मुनीश्वरलाई प्रणाम गरी,

Purport

The same choreography that opened the chapter returns, with the robe over the shoulder, a bow, and the knees going down. Nearly a hundred and thirty verses later, the poem repeats the identical gesture, performed now by the future Buddha himself.

जानुभ्यां भुवि संधाय साञ्जलिरेवमब्रवीत् ।
भगवन्नाथ सर्वज्ञ धर्मधातुजिनालयः ॥ १.१३६ ॥

jānubhyāṁ bhuvi saṁdhāya sāñjalirevamabravīt ।
bhagavannātha sarvajña dharmadhātujinālayaḥ ॥ 1.136 ॥

English

placing both knees upon the ground, with folded hands he said:
Blessed One, Protector, Omniscient, abode of the Dharmadhātu Jina:

नेपाली

दुवै घुँडा भुइँमा टेकेर, हात जोडेर यसो भने:
भगवान्, नाथ, सर्वज्ञ, धर्मधातु जिनालय:

Purport

Maitreya prepares to ask what everyone in the chapter has wanted to know, and this time it will be answered by the person best placed to answer it.

कदायं स्वयंमुत्पन्न स्तन्समादेष्टुमर्हति ।
इति संप्रार्थिते तेन मैत्रेयेण महात्मना ॥ १.१३७ ॥

kadāyaṁ svayaṁmutpanna stansamādeṣṭumarhati ।
iti saṁprārthite tena maitreyeṇa mahātmanā ॥ 1.137 ॥

English

when did this Self-Arisen One come into being? Please teach that.
Thus entreated by the great-souled Maitreya,

नेपाली

यो स्वयम्भू कहिले उत्पन्न भयो? कृपया त्यो बताइदिनुहोस्।
महात्मा मैत्रेयले यसरी प्रार्थना गरेपछि,

Purport

The question has now been asked four times, by four questioners, across three frames of story. This is the last time it needs to be asked.

भगवन्तं महाविज्ञं संपश्यन्नेवमादिशत् ।
साधु शृणु समाधाय मैत्रेयोऽस्य स्वयम्भूवः ॥ १.१३८ ॥

bhagavantaṁ mahāvijñaṁ saṁpaśyannevamādiśat ।
sādhu śṛṇu samādhāya maitreyo'sya svayambhūvaḥ ॥ 1.138 ॥

English

the Blessed One of great wisdom, gazing upon him, instructed thus:
Listen well and attentively, Maitreya: of this Swayambhu

नेपाली

महाविज्ञ भगवान्ले उहाँलाई हेर्दै यस्तो उपदेश दिनुभयो:
हे मैत्रेय, राम्ररी ध्यान दिएर सुन, यी स्वयम्भूको

Purport

The Buddha begins the answer the chapter has been building towards since its second verse.

समुत्पत्तिकथां वक्षे सर्वलोकाभिबोधने ।
पुरास्मिन् भद्रकल्पेऽभूद्विपश्वी नाम सर्ववित् ॥ १.१३९ ॥

samutpattikathāṁ vakṣe sarvalokābhibodhane ।
purāsmin bhadrakalpe'bhūdvipaśvī nāma sarvavit ॥ 1.139 ॥

English

I shall tell the story of origin, for the awakening of all the worlds.
Long ago in this Bhadrakalpa there was an all-knowing one named Vipaśvī,

नेपाली

उत्पत्तिकथा म भन्नेछु, सर्वलोकको प्रबोधनका लागि।
पहिले यसै भद्रकल्पमा विपश्वी नामका सर्वज्ञ हुनुहुन्थ्यो,

Purport

And the answer reaches even further back. Vipaśvī is the first of the seven Buddhas of the past in Buddhist tradition, belonging to an age so remote that Śākyamuni speaks of him as ancient history. The origin of Swayambhu is older than the Buddha telling the story.

जगच्छास्ता मुनीन्द्रोऽर्हन् धर्म्मराजस्तथागतः ।
अशीति वर्ष साहस्र परमायूंषि यदा नृणाम् ॥ १.१४० ॥

jagacchāstā munīndro'rhan dharmmarājastathāgataḥ ।
aśīti varṣa sāhasra paramāyūṁṣi yadā nṛṇām ॥ 1.140 ॥

English

Teacher of the world, Lord of Sages, Arhat, Dharma-king, Tathāgata,
when the utmost lifespan of human beings was eighty thousand years.

नेपाली

जगत्का शास्ता, मुनीन्द्र, अर्हत, धर्मराज, तथागत,
जब मानिसहरूको परमायु असी हजार वर्ष थियो।

Purport

The eighty-thousand-year lifespan is the traditional marker of an age near the top of the cosmic cycle, when the world is young and beings are long-lived. It is the Buddhist way of saying: unimaginably long ago.

तदाहं सत्यधर्म्माख्यो बोधिसत्त्वोऽभवत्किल ।
यदा स भगवाञ्छास्ता बन्धुमत्याः पुरोऽन्तिके ॥ १.१४१ ॥

tadāhaṁ satyadharmmākhyo bodhisattvo'bhavatkila ।
yadā sa bhagavāñchāstā bandhumatyāḥ puro'ntike ॥ 1.141 ॥

English

At that time I was, it is said, a Bodhisattva named Satyadharma.
When that Blessed Teacher, near the city of Bandhumatī,

नेपाली

त्यस बेला म सत्यधर्म नामका बोधिसत्त्व थिएँ, भनिन्छ।
जब ती भगवान् शास्ता बन्धुमतीनगरको नजिक,

Purport

The Buddha places himself inside his own story. In that distant age he was not yet a Buddha but a bodhisattva called Satyadharma, meaning 'True Dharma', a student like anyone else. Bandhumatī is named in the old scriptures as Vipaśvī's city.

विहारे धर्म्ममादिशन् विजहार ससांधिकः ।
तदाहं तं जगन्नाथमाराध्य समुपस्थितः ॥ १.१४२ ॥

vihāre dharmmamādiśan vijahāra sasāṁdhikaḥ ।
tadāhaṁ taṁ jagannāthamārādhya samupasthitaḥ ॥ 1.142 ॥

English

dwelt in a monastery teaching the Dharma with his companions,
I then served that Lord of the world and stood near him.

नेपाली

विहारमा सांघिकहरूसहित धर्मोपदेश गर्दै बस्नुभएको थियो,
त्यस बेला म ती जगन्नाथको आराधना गरी नजिक उपस्थित थिएँ।

Purport

A quiet, human image: the future Śākyamuni standing attentively near his own teacher, doing exactly what the assembly in front of him is doing now.

तदात्रा भूत्सप्तकोश व्यायामविस्तरो ह्रदः ।
तदनुशासनं धृत्वा प्राचरं बोधि सम्वरम् ॥ १.१४३ ॥

tadātrā bhūtsaptakośa vyāyāmavistaro hradaḥ ।
tadanuśāsanaṁ dhṛtvā prācaraṁ bodhi samvaram ॥ 1.143 ॥

English

At that time there was here a lake seven kos in extent.
Receiving his instruction, I practised the vow of awakening.

नेपाली

त्यस बेला यहाँ सात कोस फैलिएको एउटा ह्रद थियो।
उहाँको अनुशासन पाएर मैले बोधिसंवरको आचरण गरेँ।

Purport

Here is the great disclosure of the chapter, dropped in a single line. Where the Kathmandu Valley now lies, there was once a lake, seven kos across, perhaps fifteen miles. Every Nepali account of the valley's origin begins here, and modern geology agrees that the valley floor is an ancient lake bed.

अष्टांग गुण सम्पन्नो जलाश्रयो नगावृतः ।
पद्मोत्पलादि सौगन्धि नाना पुष्प प्रशोभितः ॥ १.१४४ ॥

aṣṭāṁga guṇa sampanno jalāśrayo nagāvṛtaḥ ।
padmotpalādi saugandhi nānā puṣpa praśobhitaḥ ॥ 1.144 ॥

English

It was a body of water endowed with the eight excellent qualities, ringed by mountains,
graced with fragrant lotuses, blue lilies and flowers of every kind,

नेपाली

त्यो अष्टांग गुणले सम्पन्न, पर्वतले घेरिएको जलाशय थियो,
कमल, उत्पललगायत सुगन्धित नाना फूलहरूले सुशोभित,

Purport

The poem now spends five verses describing the lake, and it is some of the most beautiful writing in the chapter. It begins with the water itself, perfect in its eight qualities, held in a ring of hills, and covered with lotuses.

हंस सारस काडम्ब प्रमुख पक्षिमण्डितः ।
तीरोपान्तनगारुह सर्वर्त्तु पुष्पितैर्द्रुमैः ॥ १.१४५ ॥

haṁsa sārasa kāḍamba pramukha pakṣimaṇḍitaḥ ।
tīropāntanagāruha sarvarttu puṣpitairdrumaiḥ ॥ 1.145 ॥

English

adorned with swans, cranes, kādamba geese and other birds;
on the slopes above its shores stood trees flowering in every season,

नेपाली

हाँस, सारस, काडम्बलगायत पक्षीहरूले सुशोभित;
किनारका डाँडाहरूमा सबै ऋतुमा फुल्ने रूखहरू थिए,

Purport

Waterbirds on the lake, flowering trees climbing the slopes above it. The detail about trees that flower in every season quietly marks the place as outside ordinary time.

फलौषधादि वृक्षैश्च समन्तात्परिमण्डितः ।
मीनकच्छपमण्डूकप्रमुख जलवासिनाम् ॥ १.१४६ ॥

phalauṣadhādi vṛkṣaiśca samantātparimaṇḍitaḥ ।
mīnakacchapamaṇḍūkapramukha jalavāsinām ॥ 1.146 ॥

English

and it was adorned all around by fruit trees and healing herbs.
Of fish, turtles, frogs and other water-dwelling

नेपाली

र वरिपरि फल तथा औषधिका रूखहरूले परिमण्डित थियो।
माछा, कछुवा, भ्यागुतालगायत जलमा बस्ने

Purport

The catalogue keeps descending: from the hills to the shore, from the shore to the surface, and now beneath it.

जन्तूनां निलयोऽगाधः सर्वनागाधिपालयः ।
तत्र सर्वाहिराजेन्द्रः कर्क्कोटकाभिधो महान् ॥ १.१४७ ॥

jantūnāṁ nilayo'gādhaḥ sarvanāgādhipālayaḥ ।
tatra sarvāhirājendraḥ karkkoṭakābhidho mahān ॥ 1.147 ॥

English

creatures it was the fathomless home, and the dwelling of all the Nāga lords.
There the great king of all serpents, named Karkoṭaka, resided.

नेपाली

जीवहरूको अगाध आश्रय, र सबै नागाधिपतिहरूको निवास थियो।
त्यहाँ सबै नागहरूका महान् राजा कर्कोटक बस्थे।

Purport

And at the bottom of the lake, the serpent king Karkoṭaka. He is one of the great nāgas of Indian myth and a central figure in the Kathmandu Valley's own story, where he remains after the waters drain and is still honoured at Taudaha, the small lake on the valley's southern edge said to be what was left him.

एवं तदा महा तीर्थः पुण्यामृताश्रयो बभौ ।
सदा त्रिदशाः सद्धर्माप्सरोभिः प्रमोदिताः ॥ १.१४८ ॥

evaṁ tadā mahā tīrthaḥ puṇyāmṛtāśrayo babhau ।
sadā tridaśāḥ saddharmāpsarobhiḥ pramoditāḥ ॥ 1.148 ॥

English

Thus at that time this great sacred ford shone as a reservoir of merit and nectar.
The thirty gods, ever delighted with celestial nymphs,

नेपाली

यसरी त्यस बेला यो महातीर्थ पुण्य र अमृतको आश्रय भई शोभायमान थियो।
त्रिदश देवताहरू अप्सराहरूसँग सधैँ प्रमुदित भई,

Purport

The lake is now called a tīrtha, a crossing place or ford, the standard word for a site where the sacred is accessible. Its water is described as merit itself, held in a basin.

स्नात्वा संक्रीडमानाः सत्सौख्यं भुक्त्वा दिवं ययुः ।
तथा ब्रह्मादयः सर्वे महर्षयस्तपस्विनः ॥ १.१४९ ॥

snātvā saṁkrīḍamānāḥ satsaukhyaṁ bhuktvā divaṁ yayuḥ ।
tathā brahmādayaḥ sarve maharṣayastapasvinaḥ ॥ 1.149 ॥

English

having bathed and sported and enjoyed true happiness, went to heaven.
So too Brahmā and all the great sages and ascetics,

नेपाली

स्नान गरी, क्रीडा गरी, सुख भोगेर स्वर्ग गए।
त्यसरी नै ब्रह्मालगायत सबै महर्षि र तपस्वीहरूले,

Purport

The gods come down to bathe. It is a wonderfully unstuffy image, the inhabitants of heaven treating this valley as the place worth travelling to.

स्नान संध्यादिकं कर्म्म कृत्वा संसेविरे सदा ।
एवं लोकाधिपाश्चापि स्नात्वात्र सर्वदा मुदा ॥ १.१५० ॥

snāna saṁdhyādikaṁ karmma kṛtvā saṁsevire sadā ।
evaṁ lokādhipāścāpi snātvātra sarvadā mudā ॥ 1.150 ॥

English

performing bathing, twilight rites and other observances, always frequented it.
Likewise the guardians of the worlds bathed here always with joy,

नेपाली

स्नान, सन्ध्यादि कर्म गरी सधैँ सेवन गरे।
त्यसरी नै लोकपालहरूले पनि सधैँ हर्षपूर्वक यहाँ स्नान गरी,

Purport

The rites named are ordinary ones, the daily bath and the prayers at dawn and dusk. The poet's point is that this water served the highest beings for the plainest purposes.

स्वस्व कुले समभ्यर्च्य महोत्साहैर्निसेविरे ।
एवमन्येऽपि लोकाश्च व्रतिनो ब्रह्मचारिणः ॥ १.१५१ ॥

svasva kule samabhyarcya mahotsāhairnisevire ।
evamanye'pi lokāśca vratino brahmacāriṇaḥ ॥ 1.151 ॥

English

and worshipping in their own lineages, served it with great festivity.
So too other people, keepers of vows and celibates,

नेपाली

र आ-आफ्ना कुलअनुसार पूजा गरी महोत्साहका साथ सेवन गरे।
त्यसरी नै अन्य मानिसहरू, व्रती र ब्रह्मचारीहरूले पनि,

Purport

'In their own lineages' is a generous phrase: each group worships according to its own tradition, and the lake accommodates all of them.

स्नात्वात्र संवरं धृत्वा पूतात्मानो दिवं ययुः ।
बोधिसत्त्वा तथानेके स्नानदानव्रतं मुदा ॥ १.१५२ ॥

snātvātra saṁvaraṁ dhṛtvā pūtātmāno divaṁ yayuḥ ।
bodhisattvā tathāneke snānadānavrataṁ mudā ॥ 1.152 ॥

English

having bathed here and taken up the discipline, went purified to heaven.
Likewise many Bodhisattvas joyfully performed the vow of bathing and giving

नेपाली

यहाँ स्नान गरी संवर धारण गरेर पवित्र भई स्वर्ग गए।
त्यसरी नै धेरै बोधिसत्त्वहरूले हर्षपूर्वक स्नान र दानको व्रत

Purport

Bathing is paired with giving. In this tradition the two go together: the water cleans, and the gift completes the cleaning by loosening the grip of possession.

कृत्वात्र विमलात्मानः समाचारञ्जगद्धिते ।
एवं सर्वे मुनीन्द्रैश्च स्नान व्रतादि बीजफलम् ॥ १.१५३ ॥

kṛtvātra vimalātmānaḥ samācārañjagaddhite ।
evaṁ sarve munīndraiśca snāna vratādi bījaphalam ॥ 1.153 ॥

English

here, and with stainless hearts acted for the welfare of the world.
Thus by all the Lords of Sages the fruit of bathing, vows and the rest

नेपाली

यहाँ गरी, विमल आत्मा भई जगत्को हितमा आचरण गरे।
यसरी सबै मुनीन्द्रहरूद्वारा स्नान, व्रतादिको बीजफल

Purport

The image is agricultural: bathing and vow-keeping are seeds, and what grows from them is described in the next verse.

महत्पुण्यतरं श्रेष्ठमाख्यातं बोधिसाधनम् ।
यत्र स्नात्वा त्रिरत्नानां शरणे समुपाश्रिताः ॥ १.१५४ ॥

mahatpuṇyataraṁ śreṣṭhamākhyātaṁ bodhisādhanam ।
yatra snātvā triratnānāṁ śaraṇe samupāśritāḥ ॥ 1.154 ॥

English

was declared to be of the greatest merit, the supreme means to awakening.
Those who, bathing here, took refuge in the Three Jewels,

नेपाली

महान् पुण्य र श्रेष्ठ बोधिसाधन भनी घोषित छ।
जसले यहाँ स्नान गरी त्रिरत्नको शरण लिए,

Purport

The claim is now explicit. This water is not merely purifying, it is a means to awakening, the same claim made earlier for the hill.

बोधिचर्या व्रतं धृत्वा प्राचरन्त जगद्धिते ।
ते आशु विमलात्मानो भद्रश्रीसद्गुणान्विताः ॥ १.१५५ ॥

bodhicaryā vrataṁ dhṛtvā prācaranta jagaddhite ।
te āśu vimalātmāno bhadraśrīsadguṇānvitāḥ ॥ 1.155 ॥

English

and holding the vow of Bodhi-conduct, acted for the welfare of the world;
they swiftly became stainless, endowed with glory and noble virtue,

नेपाली

र बोधिचर्याव्रत धारण गरी जगत्को हितमा लागे;
तिनीहरू छिट्टै विमल, भद्रश्री र सद्गुणले युक्त भए,

Purport

The word 'swiftly' returns. Everything at this site is described as happening faster than it otherwise would.

बोधिसत्त्वा महासत्त्वा बभूवुः सुगतात्मजाः ।
केचिन्निः क्लेशितात्मानो भवसंचारे निस्पृहाः ॥ १.१५६ ॥

bodhisattvā mahāsattvā babhūvuḥ sugatātmajāḥ ।
kecinniḥ kleśitātmāno bhavasaṁcāre nispṛhāḥ ॥ 1.156 ॥

English

Bodhisattvas and great beings, sons of the Sugata.
Some, with defilements destroyed, free of craving for worldly wandering,

नेपाली

बोधिसत्त्व, महासत्त्व, सुगतपुत्रहरू भए।
कोही निःक्लेश भई, भवसंचारमा निस्पृह भई,

Purport

Now the poem does something unusual and rather generous: instead of claiming one outcome for everyone, it lists several. The next five verses are a survey of the different lives people made out of the same water.

श्रावकबोधिमासाद्य बभूवुर्ब्रह्मचारिणः ।
केचिच्च निर्मलात्मानो संसारे विरताश्रयाः ॥ १.१५७ ॥

śrāvakabodhimāsādya babhūvurbrahmacāriṇaḥ ।
kecicca nirmalātmāno saṁsāre viratāśrayāḥ ॥ 1.157 ॥

English

attained the awakening of the disciples and became celibates.
Some, stainless in heart, turning away from saṁsāra,

नेपाली

श्रावकबोधि प्राप्त गरी ब्रह्मचारी भए।
कोही निर्मल आत्मा भई, संसारबाट विरक्त भई,

Purport

The first group take the śrāvaka path, the disciples' road, aiming at personal liberation through discipline and renunciation.

प्रत्येकबोधिमासाद्य सुनिर्वृतिं समाययुः ।
केचित्संबोधिचित्तं च प्राप्य सद्धर्मलालसाः ॥ १.१५८ ॥

pratyekabodhimāsādya sunirvṛtiṁ samāyayuḥ ।
kecitsaṁbodhicittaṁ ca prāpya saddharmalālasāḥ ॥ 1.158 ॥

English

attained Pratyeka awakening and reached perfect peace.
Some, gaining the mind of perfect awakening, longing for the true Dharma,

नेपाली

प्रत्येकबोधि प्राप्त गरी सुनिर्वृति पाए।
कोही सम्बोधिचित्त प्राप्त गरी, सद्धर्ममा लालायित भई,

Purport

The second group become pratyekabuddhas, solitary awakened ones who reach the goal without teachers and without founding a community.

बोधिचर्याव्रतं धृत्वा समाचरञ्जगद्धिते ।
केचित्सर्वे भुक्त्वा दिव्यकामसुखान्यपि ॥ १.१५९ ॥

bodhicaryāvrataṁ dhṛtvā samācarañjagaddhite ।
kecitsarve bhuktvā divyakāmasukhānyapi ॥ 1.159 ॥

English

held the vow of Bodhi-conduct and acted for the welfare of the world.
Some, having enjoyed even the divine pleasures of the senses,

नेपाली

बोधिचर्याव्रत धारण गरी जगत्को हितमा आचरण गरे।
कोही दिव्य कामसुखहरू समेत भोगेर पनि,

Purport

The third group take the bodhisattva road, staying in the world. And then the poem turns to a fourth kind of person, one who does not renounce anything at all.

सद्धर्मगुणसंरक्ताः प्राचरन् सर्वदा शुभे ।
केचित्सर्वे महीपालाः सुनीति धर्मचारिणः ॥ १.१६० ॥

saddharmaguṇasaṁraktāḥ prācaran sarvadā śubhe ।
kecitsarve mahīpālāḥ sunīti dharmacāriṇaḥ ॥ 1.160 ॥

English

remained devoted to the qualities of the true Dharma and ever moved in what is good.
Some became rulers of the earth, following sound policy and Dharma,

नेपाली

सद्धर्मका गुणहरूमा अनुरक्त भई सधैँ शुभमा प्रवृत्त भए।
कोही असल नीति र धर्म पालन गर्ने पृथ्वीपति राजा भए,

Purport

This is a striking piece of generosity. Some enjoyed pleasure, even heavenly pleasure, and remained good, while others simply governed well. The text does not require everyone to leave the world to count as having benefited.

कृत्वा सत्त्वहितार्थानि ययुरन्ते जिनालयम् ।
अहमपि तदा तत्र स्नात्वाचरं व्रतं सदा ॥ १.१७१ ॥

kṛtvā sattvahitārthāni yayurante jinālayam ।
ahamapi tadā tatra snātvācaraṁ vrataṁ sadā ॥ 1.171 ॥

English

and having done what benefits beings, went at last to the abode of the Jina.
I too at that time bathed here and constantly kept the vow.

नेपाली

र प्राणीहरूको हितका कार्य गरी अन्त्यमा जिनालय पुगे।
म पनि त्यस बेला यहाँ स्नान गरी सधैँ व्रत आचरण गर्थें।

Purport

And then the quiet line the whole passage has been walking towards: I too bathed here. The Buddha places himself among the bathers in this valley's lake. (The verse is misnumbered 171 in the manuscript; the sequence shows it belongs here.)

एतत्पुण्यविशुद्धात्मा द्रुतं सम्बोधिमाप्तवान् ।
यैश्चाप्यस्य जलं पीतं तेऽपि निर्मुक्तपातकाः ॥ १.१६२ ॥

etatpuṇyaviśuddhātmā drutaṁ sambodhimāptavān ।
yaiścāpyasya jalaṁ pītaṁ te'pi nirmuktapātakāḥ ॥ 1.162 ॥

English

Purified in self by this merit, I swiftly attained perfect awakening.
And those who drank of its water were likewise freed from sin;

नेपाली

यस पुण्यले विशुद्ध आत्मा भई मैले छिट्टै सम्बोधि प्राप्त गरेँ।
र जसले यसको जल पिए, तिनीहरू पनि पापमुक्त भए;

Purport

The claim could hardly be larger: the Buddha attributes his own awakening, in part, to this place. For a Nepali reader this single verse justifies the entire tradition.

परिशुद्धाशया भद्रा बभूवुर्बोधिभागिनः ।
एवमसौ महातीर्थः सर्वैरपि मुनीश्वरैः ॥ १.१६३ ॥

pariśuddhāśayā bhadrā babhūvurbodhibhāginaḥ ।
evamasau mahātīrthaḥ sarvairapi munīśvaraiḥ ॥ 1.163 ॥

English

of wholly pure intention and noble, they became partakers of awakening.
Thus this great sacred ford, by all the Lords of Sages

नेपाली

परिशुद्ध आशयका, भद्र भई, तिनीहरू बोधिका भागी भए।
यसरी यो महातीर्थ सबै मुनीश्वरहरूद्वारा

Purport

Not only bathing but drinking. The poem is careful to include those who did the smallest possible thing at this place, and counts them in.

समधिष्ठापितोऽद्यापि प्रशंसितो महीतले ।
तत्र पश्चात्स्वयं धर्मधातुरुत्पत्स्यते ध्रुवम् ॥ १.१६४ ॥

samadhiṣṭhāpito'dyāpi praśaṁsito mahītale ।
tatra paścātsvayaṁ dharmadhāturutpatsyate dhruvam ॥ 1.164 ॥

English

was consecrated, and to this day it is praised upon the earth.
There, hereafter, the Dharmadhātu shall surely arise of itself.

नेपाली

अधिष्ठापित भयो, र आजसम्म पृथ्वीमा प्रशंसित छ।
त्यहाँ पछि धर्मधातु निश्चय नै स्वयं उत्पन्न हुनेछ।

Purport

And here at last is the prophecy. Vipaśvī, standing beside the ancient lake, foretells that the Dharmadhātu will one day arise there by itself. Everything the chapter has described, the lotus, the light, the stone and the stupa, is the fulfilment of this sentence, spoken an age before it happened.

इत्यादिश्य मुनीन्द्रोऽसौ भूय एवं समादिशत् ।
तदा तत्र समुत्पन्ने धर्मधातौ जिनालये ॥ १.१६५ ॥

ityādiśya munīndro'sau bhūya evaṁ samādiśat ।
tadā tatra samutpanne dharmadhātau jinālaye ॥ 1.165 ॥

English

Having so instructed, that Lord of Sages spoke further:
When the Dharmadhātu, abode of the Jina, has arisen there,

नेपाली

यसरी उपदेश दिएर ती मुनीन्द्रले फेरि यसो भन्नुभयो:
त्यहाँ धर्मधातु जिनालय उत्पन्न भएपछि,

Purport

The prophecy continues, and turns from the shrine to the country around it.

निरुत्पातं शुभोत्साहं प्रवर्तिष्यति सर्वदा ।
सर्वे लोकाश्च तं दृष्ट्वा धर्मधातुं स्वयम्भूवम् ॥ १.१६६ ॥

nirutpātaṁ śubhotsāhaṁ pravartiṣyati sarvadā ।
sarve lokāśca taṁ dṛṣṭvā dharmadhātuṁ svayambhūvam ॥ 1.166 ॥

English

that land shall always prosper, free of calamity, with auspicious vigour.
And all the people, seeing that self-arisen Dharmadhātu,

नेपाली

त्यो ठाउँ सधैँ निरुत्पात, शुभ उत्साहले युक्त भई फस्टाउनेछ।
र सबै मानिसहरूले त्यो स्वयम्भू धर्मधातु देखेर,

Purport

A blessing on the valley itself: no calamity, and a steady auspicious energy. For an eighteenth-century Nepali audience living with earthquakes, epidemics and dynastic war, this would not have read as a small promise.

श्रद्धया शरणं गत्वा प्रभजिष्यन्ति सर्वदा ।
तदेतत्पुण्यलिप्तास्ते सर्वे लोकाः शुभेन्द्रियाः ॥ १.१६७ ॥

śraddhayā śaraṇaṁ gatvā prabhajiṣyanti sarvadā ।
tadetatpuṇyaliptāste sarve lokāḥ śubhendriyāḥ ॥ 1.167 ॥

English

shall go to it for refuge with faith and worship it always.
Smeared with that merit, all those people, their faculties made wholesome,

नेपाली

श्रद्धापूर्वक शरणमा गई सधैँ भजन गर्नेछन्।
त्यो पुण्यले लिप्त भई ती सबै मानिसहरू, शुभ इन्द्रियले युक्त भई,

Purport

The image of being 'smeared' with merit is physical and slightly startling. Merit here behaves like sandal paste or ash, something that rubs off onto whoever comes close.

भद्रश्री सत्सुखं भुक्त्वा यास्यन्त्यन्ते जिनालयम् ।
इत्यादिष्टं मुनीन्द्रेण विपश्विना निशम्य ते ॥ १.१६८ ॥

bhadraśrī satsukhaṁ bhuktvā yāsyantyante jinālayam ।
ityādiṣṭaṁ munīndreṇa vipaśvinā niśamya te ॥ 1.168 ॥

English

having enjoyed glory and true happiness, shall at last go to the abode of the Jina.
Thus instructed by the Lord of Sages Vipaśvī, it was heard;

नेपाली

भद्रश्री र सत्सुख भोगेर अन्त्यमा जिनालय पुग्नेछन्।
यसरी मुनीन्द्र विपश्वीले दिनुभएको उपदेश सुनियो;

Purport

Vipaśvī's sermon ends, and the poem begins the careful work of climbing back out of the frames it has descended into.

सर्वे सभाश्रिता लोकाः प्राभ्यनन्दन् प्रबोधिताः ।
इति विपश्विना शास्ता समादिष्टं श्रुतं मया ॥ १.१६९ ॥

sarve sabhāśritā lokāḥ prābhyanandan prabodhitāḥ ।
iti vipaśvinā śāstā samādiṣṭaṁ śrutaṁ mayā ॥ 1.169 ॥

English

all the people gathered in that assembly rejoiced, awakened.
Thus what the teacher Vipaśvī declared was heard by me,

नेपाली

सभामा उपस्थित सबै मानिसहरू प्रबुद्ध भई अत्यन्त आनन्दित भए।
यसरी शास्ता विपश्वीले दिनुभएको उपदेश मैले सुनेको हो,

Purport

The Buddha closes the innermost story by naming his source, exactly as every other narrator in this chapter has done. Even the Omniscient One takes care to say where he heard it.

तथा युष्मत्प्रबोधार्थं समाख्यातं प्रबुद्ध्यताम् ।
इत्यादिष्टं मुनीन्द्रेण श्रीघनेन निशम्य ते ॥ १.१७० ॥

tathā yuṣmatprabodhārthaṁ samākhyātaṁ prabuddhyatām ।
ityādiṣṭaṁ munīndreṇa śrīghanena niśamya te ॥ 1.170 ॥

English

and so it has been told for your awakening; may you be awakened.
Thus instructed by the Lord of Sages Śrīghana, it was heard;

नेपाली

र तिमीहरूको प्रबोधनका लागि यो भनियो; प्रबुद्ध होऊ।
यसरी मुनीन्द्र श्रीघनले दिनुभएको उपदेश सुनियो;

Purport

Śrīghana is the same name used for the Buddha in the very first verse of the chapter. The poem is closing the circle it opened with.

मैत्रेयादि सभालोकाः सर्वेऽपि संप्रसेदिरे ।
भगवद्भासितं श्रुत्वा प्रणमन् सुगतं हि ते ॥ १.१७१ ॥

maitreyādi sabhālokāḥ sarve'pi saṁprasedire ।
bhagavadbhāsitaṁ śrutvā praṇaman sugataṁ hi te ॥ 1.171 ॥

English

Maitreya and all the assembled beings were fully gladdened.
Hearing what the Blessed One had spoken, they bowed to the Sugata.

नेपाली

मैत्रेयलगायत सभामा उपस्थित सबै अत्यन्त प्रसन्न भए।
भगवान्ले भन्नुभएको सुनेर तिनीहरूले सुगतलाई प्रणाम गरे।

Purport

The chapter ends the way it began, with a bow. Between the first bow and this one lie four nested storytellers, three vanished ages, a lake, a lotus, a flame, and a stone laid over it, and the whole structure has been held together by nothing more elaborate than people asking sincere questions and being answered.

इति स्वयम्भूधर्मधातु समुत्पत्ति निदानकथा प्रथमोऽध्यायः समाप्तः ।

iti svayambhūdharmadhātu samutpatti nidānakathā prathamo’dhyāyaḥ samāptaḥ ।

Thus ends the first chapter, the account of the origin of the Swayambhu Dharmadhātu.

यसरी स्वयम्भू धर्मधातुको उत्पत्ति निदानकथाको प्रथम अध्याय समाप्त भयो।