Swayambhu Purana

स्वयम्भू पुराण

Swayambhu Purana

Chapter Four: The Eight Vitaragas and the Founding of the Realm

172 verses, complete. Sanskrit, transliteration, English, Nepali, and a purport.

This is the fourth chapter of the Swayambhu Purana, and it tells how the drained valley became a country. In the age of Krakucchanda Buddha, seven hundred people of every caste go forth as monks on the ridge above the valley, the Bagmati and the Bishnumati are born, eight self arisen lights appear around the rim, and a king named Dharmakara founds the first city. By the end of it the valley has rivers, shrines, villages, markets and a government, and people of every religious tradition have moved in and built their hermitages wherever they liked.

Every verse is given in five layers: the Sanskrit, a Roman transliteration you can read aloud, a literal English translation, a Nepali translation, and a purport that explains what is happening and why it matters. Use the buttons below to show only the layers you want. For the narrative alone, keep the purport and turn the rest off. Your choice is remembered as you move between chapters.

अथासौ स महासत्त्वो मैत्रेयः सुगतात्मजः ।
भगवन्तं तमानम्य प्राहैवं साञ्जलिर्मुदा ॥ ४.१ ॥

athāsau sa mahāsattvo maitreyaḥ sugatātmajaḥ ।
bhagavantaṁ tamānamya prāhaivaṁ sāñjalirmudā ॥ 4.1 ॥

English

Then that great being Maitreya, son of the Sugata,
bowing to the Blessed One, spoke thus with folded hands:

नेपाली

त्यसपछि ती महासत्त्व सुगतपुत्र मैत्रेयले,
भगवान्लाई प्रणाम गरी हात जोडेर यसो भने:

Purport

The fourth chapter opens with Maitreya rising again on the Swayambhu hill. Chapter three ended with a valley that had ground but almost nobody on it. He now asks the obvious next question.

कदात्र भगवान् ग्राम नगरपंक्त्यादयः ।
प्रवर्त्तिता महाराष्ट्राः तत्समादेष्टुमर्हति ॥ ४.२ ॥

kadātra bhagavān grāma nagarapaṁktyādayaḥ ।
pravarttitā mahārāṣṭrāḥ tatsamādeṣṭumarhati ॥ 4.2 ॥

English

Blessed One, when were the villages, the cities, the markets and the rest
and the great realms established here? May you teach us that.

नेपाली

भगवन्, यहाँ गाउँ, नगर, पङ्क्ति र अन्य बस्तीहरू,
र महाराष्ट्रहरू कहिले स्थापित भए? कृपया त्यो बताइदिनुहोस्।

Purport

This is the question chapter three raised but did not answer. Mañjuśrī drained the lake so that people could settle near the shrine. This chapter is about the people arriving, and it is the poem's account of how Nepal became a country rather than a valley.

इति संप्रार्थिते तेन मैत्रेयेण निशम्य सः ।
भगवान्स्तं महाभिज्ञं समालोक्यैवमादिशत् ॥ ४.३ ॥

iti saṁprārthite tena maitreyeṇa niśamya saḥ ।
bhagavānstaṁ mahābhijñaṁ samālokyaivamādiśat ॥ 4.3 ॥

English

Thus entreated by Maitreya, hearing him,
the Blessed One, looking upon that one of great knowledge, instructed thus:

नेपाली

मैत्रेयले यसरी प्रार्थना गरेपछि, त्यो सुनेर,
भगवान्ले ती महाज्ञानीलाई हेर्दै यस्तो उपदेश दिनुभयो:

Purport

Request, gaze, answer, for the fourth chapter running. The rhythm is the poem's way of marking where one voice ends and another begins.

साधु शृणु महासत्त्व मैत्रेय त्वं समाहितः ।
तत्कालं संप्रवक्ष्यामि यदात्र वसतिरभूत् ॥ ४.४ ॥

sādhu śṛṇu mahāsattva maitreya tvaṁ samāhitaḥ ।
tatkālaṁ saṁpravakṣyāmi yadātra vasatirabhūt ॥ 4.4 ॥

English

Listen well, great being Maitreya, with a settled mind;
I shall tell of the time when settlement first arose here.

नेपाली

राम्ररी सुन, हे महासत्त्व मैत्रेय, समाहित चित्तले;
यहाँ कहिले बसोबास सुरु भयो, त्यो समय म भन्नेछु।

Purport

The Buddha announces a date rather than a doctrine. This is the most historical of the four chapters so far.

यदायुर्नृणां वर्षचत्वारिंशत्सहस्रके ।
धर्म्मराजो जगन्नाथः क्रकुच्छन्दो मुनीश्वरः ॥ ४.५ ॥

yadāyurnṛṇāṁ varṣacatvāriṁśatsahasrake ।
dharmmarājo jagannāthaḥ krakucchando munīśvaraḥ ॥ 4.5 ॥

English

When the lifespan of human beings was forty thousand years,
there was Krakucchanda, Dharma-king, Lord of the world, Lord of Sages,

नेपाली

जब मानिसहरूको आयु चालीस हजार वर्ष थियो,
क्रकुच्छन्द नामका धर्मराज, जगन्नाथ, मुनीश्वर हुनुहुन्थ्यो,

Purport

The count continues its descent: eighty thousand, seventy, sixty, and now forty. The drop is larger this time, which is the poem's way of saying more time has passed than between the earlier chapters.

सर्व विद्याधिपः शास्ता त्रैधातुक विनायकः ।
सर्वज्ञो महाभिज्ञस्तथागतो जिनोऽभवत् ॥ ४.६ ॥

sarva vidyādhipaḥ śāstā traidhātuka vināyakaḥ ।
sarvajño mahābhijñastathāgato jino'bhavat ॥ 4.6 ॥

English

master of all knowledge, Teacher, Guide of the threefold realm,
the Omniscient One of great wisdom, the Tathāgata, the Jina.

नेपाली

सर्वविद्याका अधिपति, शास्ता, त्रैधातुकका विनायक,
महाज्ञानी सर्वज्ञ, तथागत, जिन।

Purport

Krakucchanda is the fourth of the seven Buddhas of the past, after Vipaśvī, Śikhi and Viśvabhū. The poem is moving forward one Buddha per chapter, and he is the first of the three who belong to our own present age.

स संबुद्धो जगल्लोकहितार्थेन ससांधिकः ।
क्षेमावत्या महापुर्य्यादुपारामे मनोरमे ॥ ४.७ ॥

sa saṁbuddho jagallokahitārthena sasāṁdhikaḥ ।
kṣemāvatyā mahāpuryyādupārāme manorame ॥ 4.7 ॥

English

That Perfect Buddha, with his companions, for the welfare of the world,
in a lovely garden near the great city of Kṣemāvatī,

नेपाली

ती सम्बुद्धले आफ्ना सांघिकहरूसहित, जगत्को हितका लागि,
क्षेमावती महानगरको छेउको रमणीय आराममा,

Purport

Kṣemāvatī, 'city of peace', is named in the old scriptures as Krakucchanda's city, following Bandhumatī, Aruṇa and Anupama in the earlier chapters.

विहारे सौगतावासे सद्धर्म्मसमुपादिशत् ।
आदिमध्यान्तकल्याणं विजहार प्रभासयन् ॥ ४.८ ॥

vihāre saugatāvāse saddharmmasamupādiśat ।
ādimadhyāntakalyāṇaṁ vijahāra prabhāsayan ॥ 4.8 ॥

English

in a monastery, a dwelling of the Sugata, taught the true Dharma,
excellent in beginning, middle and end, and dwelt there shining.

नेपाली

विहार, सुगतावासमा सद्धर्मको उपदेश दिनुभयो,
आदि, मध्य र अन्त्यमा कल्याणकारी, र प्रकाशित हुँदै त्यहाँ बस्नुभयो।

Purport

The old formula for the Buddha's teaching, used in every chapter of this poem without variation.

तदा बोधिसत्त्वोऽहं ज्योतिपालाभिधः सुधीः ।
शास्तारन्तं क्रकुच्छन्दं समाराध्य सदाभजम् ॥ ४.९ ॥

tadā bodhisattvo'haṁ jyotipālābhidhaḥ sudhīḥ ।
śāstārantaṁ krakucchandaṁ samārādhya sadābhajam ॥ 4.9 ॥

English

At that time I was a Bodhisattva of good understanding, named Jyotipāla,
and I honoured and worshipped that Teacher Krakucchanda always.

नेपाली

त्यस बेला म ज्योतिपाल नामका सुबुद्धि बोधिसत्त्व थिएँ,
र ती शास्ता क्रकुच्छन्दको सधैँ आराधना र भजन गर्थें।

Purport

The fourth of the Buddha's past selves: Satyadharma, Kṣemaṁkara, Parvata, and now Jyotipāla, 'guardian of light'. Jyotipāla appears under this same name in the older Pali and Sanskrit accounts of Krakucchanda's age.

तदा स भगवाञ्छास्ता क्रकुच्छन्दो जगद्धिते ।
जनपदेषु सद्धर्म्मं समुपादेष्टुमैच्छत ॥ ४.१० ॥

tadā sa bhagavāñchāstā krakucchando jagaddhite ।
janapadeṣu saddharmmaṁ samupādeṣṭumaicchata ॥ 4.10 ॥

English

Then that Blessed Teacher Krakucchanda, for the welfare of the world,
wished to teach the true Dharma throughout the countries.

नेपाली

त्यसपछि ती भगवान् शास्ता क्रकुच्छन्दले, जगत्को हितका लागि,
जनपदहरूमा सद्धर्मको उपदेश दिन चाहनुभयो।

Purport

A walking tour rather than a vision from a mountain. Where chapter three began with Mañjuśrī seeing the valley from far away, this one begins with a Buddha simply setting out on foot.

ततः स भगवान् शास्ता सर्वसंघैः समन्वितः ।
सर्वत्र भद्रतां कृत्वा संभाषयन्समाचरत् ॥ ४.११ ॥

tataḥ sa bhagavān śāstā sarvasaṁghaiḥ samanvitaḥ ।
sarvatra bhadratāṁ kṛtvā saṁbhāṣayansamācarat ॥ 4.11 ॥

English

Then that Blessed Teacher, accompanied by his whole community,
doing good everywhere and teaching, journeyed on.

नेपाली

त्यसपछि ती भगवान् शास्ताले आफ्नो सम्पूर्ण संघसहित,
सबैतिर भलाइ गर्दै र उपदेश दिँदै यात्रा गर्नुभयो।

Purport

Doing good along the way, as Mañjudeva did on his journey south. The poem never lets a journey be merely travel.

एवं स सञ्चरञ्छास्ता सर्वत्र धर्म्ममादिशत् ।
क्रमेणेह समायातः सन्ददर्श समन्ततः ॥ ४.१२ ॥

evaṁ sa sañcarañchāstā sarvatra dharmmamādiśat ।
krameṇeha samāyātaḥ sandadarśa samantataḥ ॥ 4.12 ॥

English

Thus that Teacher, wandering and teaching the Dharma everywhere,
came in due course to this place and looked all around.

नेपाली

यसरी ती शास्ता विचरण गर्दै सबैतिर धर्मोपदेश दिँदै,
क्रमैसँग यहाँ आइपुग्नुभयो र चारैतिर हेर्नुभयो।

Purport

The Buddha arrives in a valley that now has ground to walk on. Two chapters ago it was water.

दृष्ट्वेमं धर्म्मधातुं संप्रज्वलित जिनालयम् ।
ससंघः समुपाश्रित्य प्राभजद्विधिना मुदा ॥ ४.१३ ॥

dṛṣṭvemaṁ dharmmadhātuṁ saṁprajvalita jinālayam ।
sasaṁghaḥ samupāśritya prābhajadvidhinā mudā ॥ 4.13 ॥

English

Seeing this Dharmadhātu, the blazing abode of the Jina,
he drew near with his community and worshipped joyfully according to the rule.

नेपाली

यो धर्मधातु, प्रज्वलित जिनालयलाई देखेर,
उहाँ आफ्नो संघसहित नजिक गई विधिअनुसार हर्षपूर्वक भजन गर्नुभयो।

Purport

A Buddha worshipping a stupa. The poem has done this before and does not treat it as odd: the Dharmadhātu is older than any of them.

ततः स प्रस्थितोत्रैव शंखाभिधे शिलोच्चये ।
महाशुद्धशिलायां च विजहार स सांधिकः ॥ ४.१४ ॥

tataḥ sa prasthitotraiva śaṁkhābhidhe śiloccaye ।
mahāśuddhaśilāyāṁ ca vijahāra sa sāṁdhikaḥ ॥ 4.14 ॥

English

Then he set out from here to the hill called Śaṅkha,
and dwelt with his companions upon its great pure rock.

नेपाली

त्यसपछि उहाँ यहाँबाट शंख नामको पर्वततर्फ जानुभयो,
र त्यसको महान् शुद्ध शिलामा सांघिकहरूसहित बस्नुभयो।

Purport

Śaṅkhagiri, Conch Hill, is Shivapuri, the high ridge that closes the northern rim of the Kathmandu Valley. The Bagmati rises on its slopes, which is exactly what this chapter is about to explain.

तत्र तंत्रि जगन्नाथं क्रकुच्छन्दं मुनीश्वरम् ।
सभामध्यासनासीनं भिक्षुसंघैः पुरस्कृतम् ॥ ४.१५ ॥

tatra taṁtri jagannāthaṁ krakucchandaṁ munīśvaram ।
sabhāmadhyāsanāsīnaṁ bhikṣusaṁghaiḥ puraskṛtam ॥ 4.15 ॥

English

There, seeing that Lord of the world, the Sage Krakucchanda,
seated upon the seat in the midst of the assembly, honoured by the communities of monks,

नेपाली

त्यहाँ ती जगन्नाथ मुनीश्वर क्रकुच्छन्दलाई,
सभाको बीचमा आसनमा विराजमान, भिक्षुसंघहरूद्वारा सम्मानित देखेर,

Purport

The teaching scene again, set this time on a mountain top rather than in a garden.

समालोक्य महासत्त्वा जिनात्मजाः ।
तत्सद्धर्म्मामृतं पातुं संहर्षिताः समागताः ॥ ४.१६ ॥

samālokya mahāsattvā jinātmajāḥ ।
tatsaddharmmāmṛtaṁ pātuṁ saṁharṣitāḥ samāgatāḥ ॥ 4.16 ॥

English

the great beings, sons of the Jina, beholding him,
came with delight to drink the nectar of that true Dharma.

नेपाली

महासत्त्व जिनपुत्रहरूले उहाँलाई देखेर,
त्यो सद्धर्मरूपी अमृत पिउन हर्षित भई आए।

Purport

The nectar image opens the catalogue, as it has in every assembly in this poem.

भिक्षुण्योऽपि सुशीलाद्या श्चैलकाश्चाप्युपासकाः ।
चैलका व्रतिनश्चापि सर्वे उपासिका अपि ॥ ४.१७ ॥

bhikṣuṇyo'pi suśīlādyā ścailakāścāpyupāsakāḥ ।
cailakā vratinaścāpi sarve upāsikā api ॥ 4.17 ॥

English

Nuns too, Suśīlā and the rest, and cailakas and laymen,
and keepers of vows, and all the laywomen too,

नेपाली

भिक्षुणीहरू पनि, सुशीलालगायत, र चैलक तथा उपासकहरू,
र व्रतीहरू, र सबै उपासिकाहरू पनि,

Purport

A nun is named: Suśīlā, 'of good conduct'. The poem names very few individual women, and each time it does is worth noticing. Cūḍā appeared the same way in chapter one.

बोधिसत्त्वा महासत्त्वा सद्धर्म्म गुणलालसाः ।
तत्सद्धर्म्मामृतं पातुं सर्वे ते समुपागताः ॥ ४.१८ ॥

bodhisattvā mahāsattvā saddharmma guṇalālasāḥ ।
tatsaddharmmāmṛtaṁ pātuṁ sarve te samupāgatāḥ ॥ 4.18 ॥

English

Bodhisattvas and great beings, longing for the virtues of the true Dharma,
all of them came to drink the nectar of that true Dharma.

नेपाली

बोधिसत्त्व र महासत्त्वहरू, सद्धर्मका गुणका अभिलाषी,
ती सबै त्यो सद्धर्मरूपी अमृत पिउन आए।

Purport

The catalogue proper begins, and will run for a dozen verses through every rank of being the poet can name.

भगवन्तन्तं समभ्यर्च्य कृत्वा प्रदक्षिणान्यपि ।
नत्वा सांजलयस्तत्र पश्यन्तः समुपाश्रयन् ॥ ४.१९ ॥

bhagavantantaṁ samabhyarcya kṛtvā pradakṣiṇānyapi ।
natvā sāṁjalayastatra paśyantaḥ samupāśrayan ॥ 4.19 ॥

English

Worshipping that Blessed One and making circumambulations,
they bowed with folded hands and drew near, gazing upon him.

नेपाली

ती भगवान्को पूजा गरी प्रदक्षिणा पनि गरेर,
हात जोडेर प्रणाम गरी, उहाँलाई हेर्दै नजिक गए।

Purport

The same sequence of gestures described in all four chapters. In an oral text this consistency is how a listener knows the scene.

तथा ब्रह्मादयश्चापि महर्षयस्तपस्विनः ।
यतयो योगिनश्चापि मुनयो ब्रह्मचारिणः ॥ ४.२० ॥

tathā brahmādayaścāpi maharṣayastapasvinaḥ ।
yatayo yoginaścāpi munayo brahmacāriṇaḥ ॥ 4.20 ॥

English

So too Brahmā and the rest, and the great seers and ascetics,
renunciates and yogins, sages and celibate practitioners,

नेपाली

त्यसरी नै ब्रह्मालगायत, र महर्षि तथा तपस्वीहरू,
यति र योगीहरू, मुनि र ब्रह्मचारीहरू,

Purport

The list moves outward from the Buddhist community into the wider religious world, as it always does.

एवं शक्रादयो देवाः सर्वे लोकाधिपा अपि ।
ग्रहास्तारागणाः सिद्धाः साध्या विद्याधरा अपि ॥ ४.२१ ॥

evaṁ śakrādayo devāḥ sarve lokādhipā api ।
grahāstārāgaṇāḥ siddhāḥ sādhyā vidyādharā api ॥ 4.21 ॥

English

So too Indra and the gods, and all the guardians of the worlds,
the planets and the hosts of stars, the Siddhas, Sādhyas and Vidyādharas,

नेपाली

त्यसरी नै इन्द्रलगायत देवताहरू, र सबै लोकाधिपतिहरू,
ग्रह र तारागणहरू, सिद्ध, साध्य र विद्याधरहरू,

Purport

And then up into the sky. The order of the ranks has not changed since chapter one.

गन्धर्वाः किन्नरा यक्षा गुह्यका राक्षसा अपि ।
दानवा गरुडा नागास्तथान्येह समागताः ॥ ४.२२ ॥

gandharvāḥ kinnarā yakṣā guhyakā rākṣasā api ।
dānavā garuḍā nāgāstathānyeha samāgatāḥ ॥ 4.22 ॥

English

Gandharvas, Kinnaras, Yakṣas, Guhyakas and Rākṣasas too,
Dānavas, Garuḍas and Nāgas, and others, came here.

नेपाली

गन्धर्व, किन्नर, यक्ष, गुह्यक र राक्षसहरू पनि,
दानव, गरुड र नागहरू, र अन्यहरू यहाँ आए।

Purport

Garuḍas and nāgas in the same line once more, and once more nothing happens between them.

भगवन्तं ससंघन्तं समभ्यर्च्य प्रमोदिताः ।
नत्वा धर्म्मामृतं पातुमुपतस्थुः समाहिताः ॥ ४.२३ ॥

bhagavantaṁ sasaṁghantaṁ samabhyarcya pramoditāḥ ।
natvā dharmmāmṛtaṁ pātumupatasthuḥ samāhitāḥ ॥ 4.23 ॥

English

Worshipping that Blessed One with his community, filled with delight,
they bowed and waited with settled minds to drink the nectar of the Dharma.

नेपाली

संघसहित ती भगवान्को पूजा गरी प्रमुदित भई,
प्रणाम गरेर धर्मरूपी अमृत पिउन समाहित चित्तले पर्खे।

Purport

The gods take their places and the poet comes back down to human society for the second half of the catalogue.

एवं च ब्राह्मणा विज्ञा राजानः क्षत्रिया अपि ।
वैश्याश्च मन्त्रिणोऽमात्याः सैन्या भृत्या जना अपि ॥ ४.२४ ॥

evaṁ ca brāhmaṇā vijñā rājānaḥ kṣatriyā api ।
vaiśyāśca mantriṇo'mātyāḥ sainyā bhṛtyā janā api ॥ 4.24 ॥

English

So too the learned brahmins, kings and Kṣatriyas,
Vaiśyas, ministers and counsellors, soldiers, servants and other people,

नेपाली

त्यसरी नै विद्वान् ब्राह्मणहरू, राजा र क्षत्रियहरू,
वैश्य, मन्त्री र अमात्यहरू, सैनिक, भृत्य र अन्य जनहरू,

Purport

Soldiers and servants are named here, which the earlier chapters did not do. The lists in this poem widen slightly each time.

गृहस्था धनिनः श्रेष्ठाः साधवश्च महाजनाः ।
शिल्पिनो वणिजश्चापि सार्थवाहाश्च पौरिकाः ॥ ४.२५ ॥

gṛhasthā dhaninaḥ śreṣṭhāḥ sādhavaśca mahājanāḥ ।
śilpino vaṇijaścāpi sārthavāhāśca paurikāḥ ॥ 4.25 ॥

English

householders, the wealthy, the eminent, the good, and men of substance,
craftsmen and merchants, caravan leaders and townspeople,

नेपाली

गृहस्थ, धनी, श्रेष्ठ, साधु र महाजनहरू,
शिल्पी र व्यापारीहरू, सार्थवाह र पुरवासीहरू,

Purport

The trading classes of the valley, whose caravans crossed the passes to Tibet and whose wealth built most of what still stands in Kathmandu.

प्रजा जानपदा ग्राम्याः कार्पटिकाश्च शैलिकाः ।
एवमन्येऽपि लोकाश्चसर्वदिग्भ्यः समागताः ॥ ४.२६ ॥

prajā jānapadā grāmyāḥ kārpaṭikāśca śailikāḥ ।
evamanye'pi lokāścasarvadigbhyaḥ samāgatāḥ ॥ 4.26 ॥

English

subjects, country people and villagers, wandering mendicants and hill dwellers,
and others too came from every direction.

नेपाली

प्रजा, जनपदवासी र गाउँलेहरू, कार्पटिक र शैलिकहरू,
र अन्यहरू पनि सबै दिशाबाट आए।

Purport

Kārpaṭikas are wandering beggars in patched cloth and śailikas are people of the hills. The poet is reaching for the poorest and most remote he can name, and putting them in the same hall as the kings.

भगवन्तन्तमालोक्य प्रणत्वा समुपागताः ।
यथाक्रमं समभ्यर्च्य कृत्वा प्रदक्षिणान्यपि ॥ ४.२७ ॥

bhagavantantamālokya praṇatvā samupāgatāḥ ।
yathākramaṁ samabhyarcya kṛtvā pradakṣiṇānyapi ॥ 4.27 ॥

English

Beholding that Blessed One, they came and bowed,
worshipping in due order and making circumambulations,

नेपाली

ती भगवान्लाई देखेर तिनीहरू आएर प्रणाम गरे,
क्रमैसँग पूजा गरी प्रदक्षिणा पनि गरे,

Purport

Everyone in the list performs the same acts, in the same order, regardless of rank.

कृत्वाष्टांग प्रणामञ्च कृतांजलि पुटो मुदा ।
तत्सद्धर्म्मामृतं पातुं तत्सभायां समन्ततः ॥ ४.२८ ॥

kṛtvāṣṭāṁga praṇāmañca kṛtāṁjali puṭo mudā ।
tatsaddharmmāmṛtaṁ pātuṁ tatsabhāyāṁ samantataḥ ॥ 4.28 ॥

English

and making the eight-limbed prostration with palms joined in joy,
to drink the nectar of that true Dharma, in that assembly on every side

नेपाली

र हर्षपूर्वक हात जोडेर अष्टांग प्रणाम गरी,
त्यो सद्धर्मरूपी अमृत पिउन त्यो सभामा चारैतिर

Purport

The full prostration, which costs nothing and is available to everyone in the hall.

परिवृत्य पुरस्कृत्य समाश्रित्य समाहिताः ।
गुरुकृत्य मुनीन्द्रन्तं समुद्वीक्ष्य निषेदिरे ॥ ४.२९ ॥

parivṛtya puraskṛtya samāśritya samāhitāḥ ।
gurukṛtya munīndrantaṁ samudvīkṣya niṣedire ॥ 4.29 ॥

English

they spread out, keeping him before them, drawing near with settled minds,
and honouring that Lord of Sages as their teacher, sat gazing upon him.

नेपाली

घेरेर, उहाँलाई अगाडि राखी, समाहित चित्तले नजिक गई,
ती मुनीन्द्रलाई गुरुका रूपमा सम्मान गरी उहाँलाई हेर्दै बसे।

Purport

The concentric arrangement described in every assembly of the poem. The scene is set.

ततः स भगवान्दृष्ट्वा सर्वास्तान्समुपस्थितान् ।
आर्यसत्यं समारभ्य सद्धर्म्मं समुपादिशत् ॥ ४.३० ॥

tataḥ sa bhagavāndṛṣṭvā sarvāstānsamupasthitān ।
āryasatyaṁ samārabhya saddharmmaṁ samupādiśat ॥ 4.30 ॥

English

Then that Blessed One, seeing all of them gathered before him,
taught the true Dharma, setting forth the noble truths.

नेपाली

त्यसपछि ती भगवान्ले उपस्थित ती सबैलाई देखेर,
आर्यसत्यलाई देखाउँदै सद्धर्मको उपदेश दिनुभयो।

Purport

For the first time in this poem a sermon is given a content. The four noble truths are the oldest and most basic of all Buddhist teachings, and their appearance here marks this chapter as being about foundations.

तत्सद्धर्म्मामृतं पीत्वा सर्वेऽपि ते प्रबोधिताः ।
बोधिचर्या व्रतं धर्तुं समेच्छन्त प्रसादिताः ॥ ४.३१ ॥

tatsaddharmmāmṛtaṁ pītvā sarve'pi te prabodhitāḥ ।
bodhicaryā vrataṁ dhartuṁ samecchanta prasāditāḥ ॥ 4.31 ॥

English

Drinking that nectar of the true Dharma, all of them were awakened,
and made gracious, desired to take up the vow of Bodhi-conduct.

नेपाली

त्यो सद्धर्मरूपी अमृत पिएर ती सबै प्रबुद्ध भए,
र प्रसन्न भई बोधिचर्याव्रत धारण गर्ने इच्छा गरे।

Purport

The sermon produces a wish rather than a conclusion, which is what always happens in this poem.

तदाशयं परिज्ञाय भगवान् स मुनीश्वरः ।
बोधिसत्त्वात्म मार्मेत्यः सम्पश्यन्नेवमादिशत् ॥ ४.३२ ॥

tadāśayaṁ parijñāya bhagavān sa munīśvaraḥ ।
bodhisattvātma mārmetyaḥ sampaśyannevamādiśat ॥ 4.32 ॥

English

Knowing their wish, that Blessed Lord of Sages,
looking upon the path of the Bodhisattva, instructed thus:

नेपाली

तिनीहरूको आशय बुझेर, ती भगवान् मुनीश्वरले,
बोधिसत्त्वको मार्गलाई हेर्दै यस्तो उपदेश दिनुभयो:

Purport

He knows what they want before they ask. The poem has used this before, with Ratnapāṇi in chapter two.

कुलपुत्रा मुदा येऽपि श्रद्धया सौगतेवृषे ।
प्रव्रजितुं समीच्छन्ति तत्र प्रव्रजितादृताः ॥ ४.३२ ॥

kulaputrā mudā ye'pi śraddhayā saugatevṛṣe ।
pravrajituṁ samīcchanti tatra pravrajitādṛtāḥ ॥ 4.32 ॥

English

Sons of good family, those who with faith and joy in the way of the Sugata
wish to go forth, let them go forth right here.

नेपाली

हे कुलपुत्रहरू, जो श्रद्धा र हर्षका साथ सौगत मार्गमा
प्रव्रज्या लिन चाहन्छन्, तिनीहरूले यहीँ प्रव्रज्या लिऊन्।

Purport

Going forth means leaving home for the monastic life. He tells them to do it here rather than travel anywhere, which is what makes this verse the founding charter of the monastic community in the valley. (The manuscript numbers this verse 32, repeating the number of the previous one; it is placed here by sequence.)

अत्र ये ह्युपछन्दोहे सर्व धर्म्मार्थसिद्धिदे ।
प्रव्रज्या शासने बौद्धे चरन्ति बोधिसंवरम् ॥ ४.३४ ॥

atra ye hyupachandohe sarva dharmmārthasiddhide ।
pravrajyā śāsane bauddhe caranti bodhisaṁvaram ॥ 4.34 ॥

English

Those who here in Upachandoha, giver of every aim of Dharma,
go forth in the Buddha's teaching and keep the vow of awakening,

नेपाली

जो यहाँ उपछन्दोहमा, सबै धर्मार्थसिद्धि दिने ठाउँमा,
बौद्ध शासनमा प्रव्रज्या लिएर बोधिसंवर पालन गर्छन्,

Purport

Upachandoha is the name given to the valley in chapter three, one of the twenty-four sacred sites of tantric geography. The poem is consistent about its own place names across chapters.

ते सर्वे पातका मुक्ताः परिशुद्ध त्रिमण्डलाः ।
निःक्लेशा विमलात्मानो बोधिसत्त्वा जितेन्द्रियाः ॥ ४.३५ ॥

te sarve pātakā muktāḥ pariśuddha trimaṇḍalāḥ ।
niḥkleśā vimalātmāno bodhisattvā jitendriyāḥ ॥ 4.35 ॥

English

all of them, freed from sin, their three spheres wholly pure,
free of defilement, stainless in self, Bodhisattvas with senses mastered,

नेपाली

ती सबै पापमुक्त भई, त्रिमण्डल पूर्ण शुद्ध भई,
निःक्लेश, निर्मल आत्मा, जितेन्द्रिय बोधिसत्त्व भई,

Purport

The promise attached to ordination here is the same one attached elsewhere to worship. The poem does not rank its practices against each other.

जित्वा मारगणान्दुष्टान् हन्ता ब्रह्मचारिणः ।
त्रिविधाम्बोधिमासाद्य सम्बुद्धपदमाप्नुयुः ॥ ४.३६ ॥

jitvā māragaṇānduṣṭān hantā brahmacāriṇaḥ ।
trividhāmbodhimāsādya sambuddhapadamāpnuyuḥ ॥ 4.36 ॥

English

conquering the wicked hosts of Māra, celibate and steadfast,
attaining the threefold awakening, reach the state of a Perfect Buddha.

नेपाली

दुष्ट मारगणलाई जितेर, ब्रह्मचारी र दृढ भई,
त्रिविध बोधि प्राप्त गरेर सम्बुद्धपद पाउँछन्।

Purport

The threefold awakening once more, named in all four chapters.

इति मत्वात्र संसारे ये वांछन्ति सुनिर्वृतिम् ।
तत्र प्रव्रज्या सान्बौद्धं चरन्तु श्रद्धया व्रतम् ॥ ४.३७ ॥

iti matvātra saṁsāre ye vāṁchanti sunirvṛtim ।
tatra pravrajyā sānbauddhaṁ carantu śraddhayā vratam ॥ 4.37 ॥

English

Knowing this, those in this world who desire perfect peace,
let them go forth into the Buddha's way and keep the vow with faith.

नेपाली

यो जानेर, यस संसारमा जसले सुनिर्वृति चाहन्छन्,
तिनीहरूले बौद्ध मार्गमा प्रव्रज्या लिएर श्रद्धापूर्वक व्रत पालन गरून्।

Purport

The invitation is open and conditional. If this is what you want, here is how.

इत्यादिष्टं मुनीन्द्रेण निशम्य ते प्रबोधिताः ।
सभासीना महासत्त्वाः प्रव्रजितुं समीच्छिरे ॥ ४.३८ ॥

ityādiṣṭaṁ munīndreṇa niśamya te prabodhitāḥ ।
sabhāsīnā mahāsattvāḥ pravrajituṁ samīcchire ॥ 4.38 ॥

English

Hearing this instruction of the Lord of Sages, awakened,
the great beings seated in the assembly wished to go forth.

नेपाली

मुनीन्द्रको यो उपदेश सुनेर, प्रबुद्ध भई,
सभामा बसेका महासत्त्वहरूले प्रव्रज्या लिन चाहे।

Purport

What follows is the first mass ordination in the valley, and the poet counts the ordinands.

ततो गुणध्वजादीनां ब्राह्मणानां चतुःशतम् ।
तथाभयददानां च क्षत्रियाणांशतत्रयम् ॥ ४.३९ ॥

tato guṇadhvajādīnāṁ brāhmaṇānāṁ catuḥśatam ।
tathābhayadadānāṁ ca kṣatriyāṇāṁśatatrayam ॥ 4.39 ॥

English

Then four hundred brahmins led by Guṇadhvaja,
and three hundred Kṣatriyas, the givers of protection,

नेपाली

त्यसपछि गुणध्वजलगायत चार सय ब्राह्मणहरू,
र तीन सय क्षत्रियहरू, अभयदाताहरू,

Purport

Precise numbers and a named leader. Four hundred brahmins going forth into the Buddhist order is the poem's way of describing a large conversion, and Guṇadhvaja, 'banner of virtue', is the only one named.

तथानेक महासत्त्वा वैश्याः शूद्राश्च सज्जनाः ।
सर्वेऽपि सुप्रसन्नास्ते प्रव्रजितुं समीच्छिरे ॥ ४.४० ॥

tathāneka mahāsattvā vaiśyāḥ śūdrāśca sajjanāḥ ।
sarve'pi suprasannāste pravrajituṁ samīcchire ॥ 4.40 ॥

English

and many other great beings, Vaiśyas and Śūdras and good people,
all of them, made serene, wished to go forth.

नेपाली

र अन्य धेरै महासत्त्व, वैश्य र शूद्र तथा सज्जनहरू,
ती सबै प्रसन्न भई प्रव्रज्या लिन चाहे।

Purport

Śūdras are named alongside brahmins as candidates for ordination. Against the background of the caste order this is a pointed inclusion, and the poet makes it without comment.

ततस्ते सर्व उत्थाय साञ्जलयः पुरागताः ।
भगवन्तं तमानम्य प्रार्थयन्नेवमादरात् ॥ ४.४१ ॥

tataste sarva utthāya sāñjalayaḥ purāgatāḥ ।
bhagavantaṁ tamānamya prārthayannevamādarāt ॥ 4.41 ॥

English

Then all of them rose and came forward with folded hands,
and bowing to that Blessed One, made this request with reverence:

नेपाली

त्यसपछि ती सबै उठेर हात जोडेर अगाडि आए,
र ती भगवान्लाई प्रणाम गरी आदरपूर्वक यस्तो प्रार्थना गरे:

Purport

Ordination must be asked for, as every teaching in this poem must be asked for.

भगवन्नाथ सर्वज्ञ धृत्वाज्ञा भवतां वयम् ।
प्रव्रज्यशासन बौद्धेचर्तुमिच्छामहे व्रतम् ॥ ४.४२ ॥

bhagavannātha sarvajña dhṛtvājñā bhavatāṁ vayam ।
pravrajyaśāsana bauddhecartumicchāmahe vratam ॥ 4.42 ॥

English

Blessed Lord, Omniscient One, holding your command,
we wish to go forth in the Buddha's teaching and keep the vow.

नेपाली

भगवन्, नाथ, सर्वज्ञ, तपाईंको आज्ञा शिरोपर गरी,
हामी बौद्ध शासनमा प्रव्रज्या लिएर व्रत पालन गर्न चाहन्छौँ।

Purport

The formula of request is plain and exact, and it is close to the wording still used at Newar Buddhist ordinations.

भगवन्स्त भवानस्मान् सर्वान् पश्यन् कृपा दृशा ।
समन्वागत्य सद्धर्म्म नियोजयितुमर्हति ॥ ४.४३ ॥

bhagavansta bhavānasmān sarvān paśyan kṛpā dṛśā ।
samanvāgatya saddharmma niyojayitumarhati ॥ 4.43 ॥

English

Blessed One, may you look upon us all with compassionate eyes,
and coming to us, set us to the practice of the true Dharma.

नेपाली

भगवन्, कृपादृष्टिले हामी सबैलाई हेर्नुहोस्,
र हामीकहाँ आएर सद्धर्ममा नियुक्त गर्नुहोस्।

Purport

They ask not to be admitted but to be set to work, which is a different thing and a better one.

इति तैः प्रार्थिते सर्वैर्भगवान्स मुनीश्वरः ।
सर्वान्स्तान् सन्मतिन् पश्यन् समामन्त्र्यैवमादिशत् ॥ ४.४४ ॥

iti taiḥ prārthite sarvairbhagavānsa munīśvaraḥ ।
sarvānstān sanmatin paśyan samāmantryaivamādiśat ॥ 4.44 ॥

English

Thus entreated by them all, that Blessed Lord of Sages,
looking upon all those of right mind, addressed them and instructed thus:

नेपाली

ती सबैले यसरी प्रार्थना गरेपछि, ती भगवान् मुनीश्वरले,
ती सबै सन्मतिलाई हेर्दै सम्बोधन गरी यस्तो उपदेश दिनुभयो:

Purport

The gaze before the answer, for the last time in this scene.

यद्यत्र सौगते धर्मे प्रव्रजितुं समीच्छथ ।
एतत्प्रव्रज्य सर्वत्र चरध्वं सौगतं व्रतम् ॥ ४.४५ ॥

yadyatra saugate dharme pravrajituṁ samīcchatha ।
etatpravrajya sarvatra caradhvaṁ saugataṁ vratam ॥ 4.45 ॥

English

If you wish to go forth here in the Sugata's Dharma,
then having gone forth, practise the Sugata's vow everywhere.

नेपाली

यदि तिमीहरू यहाँ सौगत धर्ममा प्रव्रज्या लिन चाहन्छौ भने,
प्रव्रज्या लिएर सबैतिर सौगत व्रत आचरण गर।

Purport

Permission is granted in one line, with an instruction attached: having gone forth here, practise everywhere. The community he is founding is not meant to stay on the hill.

इत्यादिश्य स संबुद्धः पाणिना तच्छिरःस्पृशन् ।
तान्सर्वान्सौगते धर्मे समन्वाहरदादरात् ॥ ४.४६ ॥

ityādiśya sa saṁbuddhaḥ pāṇinā tacchiraḥspṛśan ।
tānsarvānsaugate dharme samanvāharadādarāt ॥ 4.46 ॥

English

Having so instructed, that Perfect Buddha, touching their heads with his hand,
received them all with reverence into the Sugata's Dharma.

नेपाली

यसरी उपदेश दिएर, ती सम्बुद्धले हातले तिनका शिर छोएर,
ती सबैलाई आदरपूर्वक सौगत धर्ममा ग्रहण गर्नुभयो।

Purport

The ordination itself is a hand laid on each head. The poem describes seven hundred people being admitted in a single line, and the gesture is the only ceremony it records.

ततोऽवतार्य ते केशान् रक्त चीवर प्रावृताः ।
खिखिरी पात्रमाधाय सर्वेऽपि भिक्षवो भवन् ॥ ४.४७ ॥

tato'vatārya te keśān rakta cīvara prāvṛtāḥ ।
khikhirī pātramādhāya sarve'pi bhikṣavo bhavan ॥ 4.47 ॥

English

Then, their hair shaved off and clothed in ochre robes,
taking the khakkhara staff and the bowl, all of them became monks.

नेपाली

त्यसपछि केश खौरेर, रातो चीवर धारण गरी,
खिखिरी र पात्र लिएर, ती सबै भिक्षु भए।

Purport

The khakkhara is the ringed staff a mendicant shakes as he walks, so that small creatures on the path have warning to move. Shaved head, ochre robe, staff and bowl: the four marks of a monk, unchanged since the Buddha's own lifetime.

ततः स भगवांस्तेभ्यो यतिभ्यः सम्यक्संबोधिपाक्षिकान् ।
सद्धर्म्मान्समुपादिश्य प्रददौ बोधिसम्वरम् ॥ ४.४८ ॥

tataḥ sa bhagavāṁstebhyo yatibhyaḥ samyaksaṁbodhipākṣikān ।
saddharmmānsamupādiśya pradadau bodhisamvaram ॥ 4.48 ॥

English

Then that Blessed One, teaching those renunciates the true Dharmas
that lead to perfect awakening, bestowed on them the vow of the Bodhisattva.

नेपाली

त्यसपछि ती भगवान्ले ती यतिहरूलाई सम्यक् सम्बोधितर्फ लैजाने
सद्धर्महरूको उपदेश दिई बोधिसंवर प्रदान गर्नुभयो।

Purport

Two things are given in order: the monastic robe first, then the bodhisattva vow. In Mahayana practice the second does not replace the first.

ततस्ते विमलात्मानो निःक्लेशा विमलेन्द्रियाः ।
सत्कारं लाभ निष्कांक्षा वीतसंगा निरंजनाः ॥ ४.४९ ॥

tataste vimalātmāno niḥkleśā vimalendriyāḥ ।
satkāraṁ lābha niṣkāṁkṣā vītasaṁgā niraṁjanāḥ ॥ 4.49 ॥

English

Then, stainless in self, free of defilement, pure in their faculties,
desiring neither honour nor gain, unattached and without stain,

नेपाली

त्यसपछि निर्मल आत्मा भई, निःक्लेश, विमल इन्द्रियका भई,
सत्कार र लाभको इच्छा नगर्ने, असंग र निरञ्जन भई,

Purport

Wanting neither honour nor gain is the hardest of these, and the poet puts it first among the things they gave up.

स्वपरात्म समाचाराः संसारगतिनिःस्पृहाः ।
मारचर्या निरासक्ताः समलोष्ट सुवर्ण्णिकाः ॥ ४.५० ॥

svaparātma samācārāḥ saṁsāragatiniḥspṛhāḥ ।
māracaryā nirāsaktāḥ samaloṣṭa suvarṇṇikāḥ ॥ 4.50 ॥

English

treating themselves and others alike, without craving for worldly wandering,
unattached to the ways of Māra, holding a clod of earth and gold as equal,

नेपाली

आफू र अरूलाई समान व्यवहार गर्ने, भवगतिमा निस्पृह,
मारचर्यामा अनासक्त, ढिक्का र सुनलाई समान ठान्ने,

Purport

A clod of earth and a lump of gold weighed as the same thing. It is one of the oldest images in Indian religious literature for a mind that has stopped calculating.

निःक्लेशा निर्मलात्मानो परिशुद्ध त्रिमण्डलाः ।
अर्हन्तो भद्रकाचारा बभूवुर् ब्रह्मचारिणः ॥ ४.५१ ॥

niḥkleśā nirmalātmāno pariśuddha trimaṇḍalāḥ ।
arhanto bhadrakācārā babhūvur brahmacāriṇaḥ ॥ 4.51 ॥

English

free of the defilements, stainless in self, their three spheres wholly pure,
they became Arhats of noble conduct, celibate practitioners.

नेपाली

क्लेशरहित, निर्मल आत्मा, त्रिमण्डल पूर्ण शुद्ध भई,
तिनीहरू भद्राचारी अर्हत, ब्रह्मचारी भए।

Purport

Seven hundred people ordained in one morning become arhats in the next verse. The poem's timescale is not ours.

ततस्सर्वेऽपि ते बौद्धा यतयो बोधिचारिणः ।
सर्वसत्त्व हितं कृत्वा संप्रचारन्सदाशुभे ॥ ४.५२ ॥

tatassarve'pi te bauddhā yatayo bodhicāriṇaḥ ।
sarvasattva hitaṁ kṛtvā saṁpracāransadāśubhe ॥ 4.52 ॥

English

Then all those Buddhist renunciates, walkers of the path of awakening,
doing good to all beings, moved always in what is good.

नेपाली

त्यसपछि ती सबै बौद्ध यति, बोधिचारीहरूले,
सबै प्राणीको हित गर्दै सधैँ शुभमा प्रवृत्त भए।

Purport

Their attainment is described entirely in terms of what they then did for others.

ततस्ते तु विशुद्धात्माः पञ्चाभिज्ञा महर्द्धिकाः ।
वन्द्याः पूज्याः सदेवानां लोकानां गुरवो भवन् ॥ ४.५३ ॥

tataste tu viśuddhātmāḥ pañcābhijñā maharddhikāḥ ।
vandyāḥ pūjyāḥ sadevānāṁ lokānāṁ guravo bhavan ॥ 4.53 ॥

English

Then, pure in self, possessed of the five higher knowledges and great power,
they became worthy of homage and worship, teachers of the worlds and of the gods.

नेपाली

त्यसपछि विशुद्ध आत्मा भई, पञ्चाभिज्ञा र महर्द्धिले युक्त भई,
तिनीहरू वन्द्य र पूज्य, लोक तथा देवताहरूका गुरु भए।

Purport

The five higher knowledges are supernormal sight, hearing, knowledge of others' minds, memory of past lives, and magical power. Gaining them makes these new monks teachers of the gods who were sitting in the same assembly.

तस्मिंश्च समये तत्र गिरेः शंखस्य मूर्द्धनि ।
वज्रसत्त्व कराङ्गुष्ठान्निश्चचाराम्बु निर्म्मलम् ॥ ४.५४ ॥

tasmiṁśca samaye tatra gireḥ śaṁkhasya mūrddhani ।
vajrasattva karāṅguṣṭhānniścacārāmbu nirmmalam ॥ 4.54 ॥

English

And at that time there, upon the summit of the hill of Śaṅkha,
stainless water flowed forth from the thumb of Vajrasattva.

नेपाली

र त्यस बेला त्यहाँ, शंख पर्वतको शिखरमा,
वज्रसत्त्वको हातको अँठाबाट निर्मल जल बग्न थाल्यो।

Purport

Here is the birth of the Bagmati. The river rises from a spring on Shivapuri, and the poem gives that spring an origin: it comes from the thumb of Vajrasattva. Bagdwar, the 'tiger's mouth' spring where the Bagmati is said to begin, is still a pilgrimage site on that ridge.

तदेमान्वद्भुति स्पन्दं पुण्यतीर्थमहत्सरित् ।
यदभूत्सर्वलोकानां चतुर्वर्गफलप्रदा ॥ ४.५५ ॥

tademānvadbhuti spandaṁ puṇyatīrthamahatsarit ।
yadabhūtsarvalokānāṁ caturvargaphalapradā ॥ 4.55 ॥

English

That marvellous flowing became a great and holy river,
which for all the worlds became the giver of the fourfold fruit.

नेपाली

त्यो अद्भुत प्रवाह एक महान् पुण्यतीर्थ नदी बन्यो,
जुन सबै लोकका लागि चतुर्वर्गफल दिने भयो।

Purport

The fourfold fruit, dharma, artha, kāma and mokṣa, has appeared in chapters two and three. The poem keeps applying this Hindu formula to Buddhist objects without apology.

भूयोऽपि साददी तस्यः क्रकुच्छन्द स्पतायिनः ।
सद्धर्म्म देशना वाक्याबभूवा ति पवित्रता ॥ ४.५६ ॥

bhūyo'pi sādadī tasyaḥ krakucchanda spatāyinaḥ ।
saddharmma deśanā vākyābabhūvā ti pavitratā ॥ 4.56 ॥

English

And further, by the words of the Dharma taught by that protector Krakucchanda,
that river was made exceedingly holy.

नेपाली

र थप, ती रक्षक क्रकुच्छन्दले दिनुभएको धर्मदेशनाका वचनहरूले,
त्यो नदी अत्यन्त पवित्र भयो।

Purport

The water is sanctified by speech rather than by ritual. This is the detail that explains the river's name, which comes in the very next verse.

तेनासौ सर्वतीर्थाग्रा वाग्मतीतिप्रसिद्धिता ।
भद्रश्री गुण संभर्त्री सर्वपाप विशोधनी ॥ ४.५७ ॥

tenāsau sarvatīrthāgrā vāgmatītiprasiddhitā ।
bhadraśrī guṇa saṁbhartrī sarvapāpa viśodhanī ॥ 4.57 ॥

English

For that reason she became renowned as Vāgmatī, foremost of all holy rivers,
upholder of glory and virtue, purifier of every sin.

नेपाली

त्यसै कारणले उनी सबै तीर्थमा अग्रणी वाग्मती भनी प्रसिद्ध भइन्,
भद्रश्री र गुणकी धारक, सबै पापकी विशोधिनी।

Purport

Vāgmatī, the Bagmati, and the poem derives the name from vāk, speech. The river is called that because a Buddha's words fell into it. Whatever the philologists say, this is how the valley has always explained the name of its holiest river.

ये तत्र विधिना स्नात्वा पितृ देवादितर्पणम् ।
कृत्वा दानादिकं दत्वा व्रतं चापि प्रकुर्वते ॥ ४.५८ ॥

ye tatra vidhinā snātvā pitṛ devāditarpaṇam ।
kṛtvā dānādikaṁ datvā vrataṁ cāpi prakurvate ॥ 4.58 ॥

English

Those who bathe there according to the rule, and make offering to the ancestors and gods,
and give gifts and the rest, and keep the vow,

नेपाली

जसले त्यहाँ विधिअनुसार स्नान गरी, पितृ र देवताको तर्पण गरी,
दान आदि दिई, र व्रत पनि गर्छन्,

Purport

Tarpaṇa, the offering of water to the ancestors, is a Hindu rite and is performed on the Bagmati's banks to this day. The poem prescribes it as part of Buddhist practice.

ते संघविमलात्मानो भद्रश्रीसद्गुणान्विताः ।
यथाकामं सुखं भुक्त्वा संप्रयान्ति जिनालयम् ॥ ४.५९ ॥

te saṁghavimalātmāno bhadraśrīsadguṇānvitāḥ ।
yathākāmaṁ sukhaṁ bhuktvā saṁprayānti jinālayam ॥ 4.59 ॥

English

they, stainless in self and endowed with glory and true virtue,
having enjoyed happiness at will, go to the abode of the Jina.

नेपाली

तिनीहरू निर्मल आत्मा भई, भद्रश्री र सद्गुणले युक्त भई,
इच्छाअनुसार सुख भोगेर जिनालय पुग्छन्।

Purport

Happiness first and the abode of the Jina afterwards. The poem has never treated the two as alternatives.

इति मत्वा सदा तत्र स्नात्वा पित्रादितर्प्पणम् ।
दानादि संवरं कृत्वा सचरन्तां जगद्धिते ॥ ४.६० ॥

iti matvā sadā tatra snātvā pitrāditarppaṇam ।
dānādi saṁvaraṁ kṛtvā sacarantāṁ jagaddhite ॥ 4.60 ॥

English

Knowing this, bathe there always, make offering to the ancestors,
give gifts and keep the vow, and move for the welfare of the world.

नेपाली

यो जानेर, त्यहाँ सधैँ स्नान गर, पितृतर्पण गर,
दान र व्रत गर, र जगत्को हितमा लाग।

Purport

Four instructions in two lines, and the last of them is the point of the other three.

तस्या दर्शनमात्रेण पीताम्बु विमात्रके ।
स्पर्शनादपि नश्यन्ति सर्वाणि पातकान्यपि ॥ ४.६१ ॥

tasyā darśanamātreṇa pītāmbu vimātrake ।
sparśanādapi naśyanti sarvāṇi pātakānyapi ॥ 4.61 ॥

English

By the mere sight of her, by drinking even a little of her water,
and even by touching her, all sins are destroyed.

नेपाली

उनको दर्शनमात्रले, उनको जल थोरै पिउँदा पनि,
र स्पर्शमात्रले पनि सबै पापहरू नष्ट हुन्छन्।

Purport

Sight, a mouthful, a touch. The poem lowers the threshold to nothing at all, as it did with the shrine in chapter two.

प्रक्षाल्यापि च तत्रास्यं गंगा स्नान फलं लभेत् ।
शिलसिं च मात्रेण शुद्ध्यन्ते इन्द्रियाणि षट् ॥ ४.६२ ॥

prakṣālyāpi ca tatrāsyaṁ gaṁgā snāna phalaṁ labhet ।
śilasiṁ ca mātreṇa śuddhyante indriyāṇi ṣaṭ ॥ 4.62 ॥

English

And by washing the face there one gains the fruit of bathing in the Ganges;
and by mere contact the six senses are made pure.

नेपाली

र त्यहाँ मुख धोए गंगास्नानको फल पाइन्छ;
र स्पर्शमात्रले छवटै इन्द्रिय शुद्ध हुन्छन्।

Purport

The Bagmati is measured against the Ganges and found equal. For a valley that could not easily send its people to Banaras, this was a claim with real weight.

एवं महत्तरं पुण्यं वाग्मती भजनोद्भवम् ।
सर्वे तीर्थोत्तमाख्यातं ते नासौ वाग्मती जिनैः ॥ ४.६३ ॥

evaṁ mahattaraṁ puṇyaṁ vāgmatī bhajanodbhavam ।
sarve tīrthottamākhyātaṁ te nāsau vāgmatī jinaiḥ ॥ 4.63 ॥

English

Thus exceedingly great is the merit that springs from worshipping the Vāgmatī;
she is declared by the Jinas to be the foremost of all holy rivers.

नेपाली

यसरी वाग्मतीको भजनबाट उत्पन्न हुने पुण्य अत्यन्त महान् छ;
जिनहरूद्वारा उनी सबै तीर्थमा उत्तम भनी घोषित छिन्।

Purport

Attributed to the Buddhas rather than to the speaker, as every claim in this poem is.

इति मत्वात्र संसारे इच्छन्ति ये सदाशुभम् ।
वाग्मती श्री सुखाधारां भजन्तु सर्वदापि ते ॥ ४.६४ ॥

iti matvātra saṁsāre icchanti ye sadāśubham ।
vāgmatī śrī sukhādhārāṁ bhajantu sarvadāpi te ॥ 4.64 ॥

English

Knowing this, those in this world who desire what is always good,
let them worship the Vāgmatī, the vessel of glory and happiness, always.

नेपाली

यो जानेर, यस संसारमा जसले सधैँ शुभ चाहन्छन्,
तिनीहरूले श्री र सुखकी आधार वाग्मतीको सदा भजन गरून्।

Purport

The first river is complete. A second is about to be born, and the poem gives it a stranger origin.

भूयोऽप्यन्या सरिज्जाता तस्यैव करसंभवा ।
सापि पवित्रिता भूता क्रकुच्छन्दस्य वाक्यतः ॥ ४.६५ ॥

bhūyo'pyanyā sarijjātā tasyaiva karasaṁbhavā ।
sāpi pavitritā bhūtā krakucchandasya vākyataḥ ॥ 4.65 ॥

English

And yet another river arose, springing likewise from his hand,
and she too was made holy by the words of Krakucchanda.

नेपाली

र अर्को एउटा नदी पनि उत्पन्न भयो, त्यही हातबाट,
र उनी पनि क्रकुच्छन्दका वचनले पवित्र भइन्।

Purport

The second river of the Kathmandu Valley, which joins the Bagmati at Teku. The poem is explaining the two rivers between which the old city sits.

तत्र प्रव्रजितानां यत्श्मश्रुकेशनखानि च ।
कृत्वा भागद्वयं तत्र भागमेकं प्रचिक्षिपुः ॥ ४.६६ ॥

tatra pravrajitānāṁ yatśmaśrukeśanakhāni ca ।
kṛtvā bhāgadvayaṁ tatra bhāgamekaṁ pracikṣipuḥ ॥ 4.66 ॥

English

The hair, beards and nails of those who had gone forth
were divided into two portions, and one portion was cast into her.

नेपाली

प्रव्रज्या लिएकाहरूका केश, दाह्री र नङहरू
दुई भागमा बाँडेर, एक भाग त्यसमा हालियो।

Purport

What was shaved off seven hundred heads had to go somewhere. Half of it went into the river, which is a wonderfully practical detail in the middle of a founding myth.

तदा केशावतीत्यासीत्प्रसिद्धा सा महानदी ।
एक भागन्तु तत्रैव संस्थापितं शिलातले ॥ ४.६७ ॥

tadā keśāvatītyāsītprasiddhā sā mahānadī ।
eka bhāgantu tatraiva saṁsthāpitaṁ śilātale ॥ 4.67 ॥

English

From that time that great river became renowned as Keśāvatī;
and the other portion was placed there upon the rock.

नेपाली

त्यस बेलादेखि त्यो महानदी केशावती भनी प्रसिद्ध भइन्;
र अर्को भाग त्यहीँ शिलामा राखियो।

Purport

Keśāvatī, 'she of the hair', is the river now called the Bishnumati, which runs down the west side of Kathmandu past Swayambhu. The older name survives in the Newar name Kesavati.

यावन्ति श्मश्रु केशानि तावन्त्यपि शिलातले ।
प्रादुर्भूतानि चैत्यानि तान्यद्यापि वसन्ति हि ॥ ४.६८ ॥

yāvanti śmaśru keśāni tāvantyapi śilātale ।
prādurbhūtāni caityāni tānyadyāpi vasanti hi ॥ 4.68 ॥

English

As many as were the hairs and beards, so many upon that rock
caityas appeared, and they stand there to this day.

नेपाली

जति केश र दाह्री थिए, त्यति नै त्यो शिलामा
चैत्यहरू प्रकट भए, र ती आजसम्म त्यहीँ छन्।

Purport

One stupa for every hair. The poet says they are still there, and the phrase is the closest this poem comes to pointing at something and telling the reader to go look.

सापि नदी महातीर्था वाग्मतीव प्रसिद्धता ।
तेषां प्रव्रजितानां हि महत्पुण्यानुभावतः ॥ ४.६९ ॥

sāpi nadī mahātīrthā vāgmatīva prasiddhatā ।
teṣāṁ pravrajitānāṁ hi mahatpuṇyānubhāvataḥ ॥ 4.69 ॥

English

That river too became renowned as a great holy ford like the Vāgmatī,
through the power of the great merit of those who had gone forth.

नेपाली

त्यो नदी पनि वाग्मतीजस्तै महातीर्थ भनी प्रसिद्ध भइन्,
प्रव्रज्या लिएकाहरूको महान् पुण्यको प्रभावले।

Purport

The second river is holy because of what the ordinands left in it. Merit is described here as something that can be deposited in water and stay there.

तेषां प्रव्रजितानांच भिक्षुणां ब्रह्मचारिणाम् ।
तदापुण्य महाकीर्ति शब्द सर्वत्र प्रासरत् ॥ ४.७० ॥

teṣāṁ pravrajitānāṁca bhikṣuṇāṁ brahmacāriṇām ।
tadāpuṇya mahākīrti śabda sarvatra prāsarat ॥ 4.70 ॥

English

And of those who had gone forth, the monks and celibate practitioners,
the fame of their merit spread abroad on every side.

नेपाली

र प्रव्रज्या लिएका ती भिक्षु र ब्रह्मचारीहरूको
पुण्यको महाकीर्तिको ध्वनि सबैतिर फैलियो।

Purport

News of what happened on the hill travels outward. The next thing to arrive in the valley comes because of it.

तदनन्तरमष्टौ च वीतरागा निराश्रयाः ।
ज्योतिरूपा निराकाराः प्रादुर्भूता जगद्धिते ॥ ४.७१ ॥

tadanantaramaṣṭau ca vītarāgā nirāśrayāḥ ।
jyotirūpā nirākārāḥ prādurbhūtā jagaddhite ॥ 4.71 ॥

English

Thereafter eight Vītarāgas, without support, free of passion,
forms of light and without shape, appeared for the welfare of the world.

नेपाली

त्यसपछि आठ वीतराग, निराश्रय, रागरहित,
ज्योतिस्वरूप र निराकार, जगत्को हितका लागि प्रकट भए।

Purport

The Aṣṭavītarāga, the eight dispassionate ones, are eight self-arisen lights that appear around the valley. They are named next, and each is a site that still exists. Like Swayambhu itself, they are described as light rather than as images.

एकः शंखगिरेः पार्श्वे मणिचूडाश्रमान्तिके ।
मणिलिंग इति ख्यातः सोऽद्यापि संप्रतिष्ठितः ॥ ४.७२ ॥

ekaḥ śaṁkhagireḥ pārśve maṇicūḍāśramāntike ।
maṇiliṁga iti khyātaḥ so'dyāpi saṁpratiṣṭhitaḥ ॥ 4.72 ॥

English

One on the flank of Śaṅkhagiri, near the hermitage of Maṇicūḍa,
renowned as Maṇiliṅga, and it stands established there to this day.

नेपाली

एउटा शंखगिरिको छेउमा, मणिचूडाश्रमको नजिक,
मणिलिङ्ग भनी प्रसिद्ध, जुन आजसम्म त्यहीँ प्रतिष्ठित छ।

Purport

Maṇicūḍa is the hill north east of the valley still called Manichur, and Maṇiliṅga is the shrine on its slope. Calling the first of the eight a liṅga, the aniconic form of Śiva, sets the tone for this whole passage.

द्वितीयोऽभूच्च गोकर्ण स्थले ज्योतिर्मयाकृतिः ।
चारुगिरौ तृतीयश्च कुम्भतीर्थे चतुर्थकः ॥ ४.७३ ॥

dvitīyo'bhūcca gokarṇa sthale jyotirmayākṛtiḥ ।
cārugirau tṛtīyaśca kumbhatīrthe caturthakaḥ ॥ 4.73 ॥

English

The second arose at Gokarṇa, in the form of light;
the third at Cārugiri, and the fourth at Kumbhatīrtha;

नेपाली

दोस्रो गोकर्णमा ज्योतिको रूपमा उत्पन्न भयो;
तेस्रो चारुगिरिमा, र चौथो कुम्भतीर्थमा;

Purport

Gokarṇa is Gokarneshwar on the Bagmati north east of Kathmandu, one of the great Śiva temples of the valley and the site of the annual Kushe Aunsi observance for fathers.

पञ्चमः फणिशैलश्च षष्ठश्च गर्तकस्थले ।
सप्तमो गन्धवत्यां च अष्टमो विक्रमस्थले ॥ ४.७४ ॥

pañcamaḥ phaṇiśailaśca ṣaṣṭhaśca gartakasthale ।
saptamo gandhavatyāṁ ca aṣṭamo vikramasthale ॥ 4.74 ॥

English

the fifth at Phaṇiśaila, the sixth at Gartaka,
the seventh at Gandhavatī, and the eighth at Vikramasthala.

नेपाली

पाँचौँ फणिशैलमा, छैटौँ गर्तकमा,
सातौँ गन्धवतीमा, र आठौँ विक्रमस्थलमा।

Purport

The eight together ring the valley. A pilgrim circuit of all of them is still walked, and the list in this verse is one of the earliest written records of it.

एतेऽष्टौ महादेवा वीतरागा निरंजनाः ।
ज्योतिरूपा निराकाराः प्रादुर्भूता जगद्धिते ॥ ४.७५ ॥

ete'ṣṭau mahādevā vītarāgā niraṁjanāḥ ।
jyotirūpā nirākārāḥ prādurbhūtā jagaddhite ॥ 4.75 ॥

English

These eight great lords, free of passion and without stain,
forms of light and without shape, appeared for the welfare of the world.

नेपाली

यी आठ महादेव, वीतराग र निरञ्जन,
ज्योतिस्वरूप र निराकार, जगत्को हितका लागि प्रकट भए।

Purport

Mahādeva, the standard name for Śiva, applied to eight self-arisen lights in a Buddhist poem. This chapter is the most openly syncretic passage in the book so far, and the poet is not hedging.

अत्रैषां वीतरागानुभावात्समन्ततः ।
मनोरमामही जाता सर्वपीठोत्तमावनौ ॥ ४.७६ ॥

atraiṣāṁ vītarāgānubhāvātsamantataḥ ।
manoramāmahī jātā sarvapīṭhottamāvanau ॥ 4.76 ॥

English

Here, by the power of these dispassionate ones, on every side
the ground became lovely, foremost among all the seats of power on earth.

नेपाली

यहाँ यी वीतरागहरूको प्रभावले चारैतिर
भूमि रमणीय बनी, पृथ्वीका सबै पीठमध्ये उत्तम भयो।

Purport

A pīṭha is a seat of power in tantric geography. The valley, already named a maṇḍala in chapter three, is now called the foremost of them.

तदायोभू महास्वो महासंमत वंशजः ।
कृपाकारुण्य भद्रात्मा बोधिसत्त्वो नृपोऽभवत् ॥ ४.७७ ॥

tadāyobhū mahāsvo mahāsaṁmata vaṁśajaḥ ।
kṛpākāruṇya bhadrātmā bodhisattvo nṛpo'bhavat ॥ 4.77 ॥

English

At that time there was one of great wealth, born in the line of Mahāsammata,
compassionate and kind, noble in heart, a Bodhisattva, who became king.

नेपाली

त्यस बेला महासम्मत वंशमा जन्मेका एक महाधनी,
कृपालु र करुणामय, भद्रात्मा, बोधिसत्त्व, राजा भए।

Purport

Mahāsammata is the first king of the world in Buddhist cosmology, elected by common consent when society first needed order. Tracing a Nepali king's line back to him is the poem's way of saying this is legitimate kingship from its very source.

तत्र स नृप राजेन्द्रः क्रकुच्छन्देन तायिना ।
सहात्र द्रष्टुमायातः स्वयंभुवं खगाननाम् ॥ ४.७८ ॥

tatra sa nṛpa rājendraḥ krakucchandena tāyinā ।
sahātra draṣṭumāyātaḥ svayaṁbhuvaṁ khagānanām ॥ 4.78 ॥

English

That lord of kings came here together with the protector Krakucchanda,
to behold Swayambhu and Khagānanā.

नेपाली

ती नृपराजेन्द्र रक्षक क्रकुच्छन्दसँगै यहाँ आए,
स्वयम्भू र खगाननाको दर्शन गर्न।

Purport

He arrives in the Buddha's company rather than on his own. The founder of the city comes as a pilgrim first.

दूरात्स एनमालोक्य स्वयंभुवं जिनालयम् ।
प्रणत्वा समुपागत्य चक्रे प्रदक्षिणात्रयम् ॥ ४.७९ ॥

dūrātsa enamālokya svayaṁbhuvaṁ jinālayam ।
praṇatvā samupāgatya cakre pradakṣiṇātrayam ॥ 4.79 ॥

English

Seeing from afar that Swayambhu, the abode of the Jina,
he bowed, drew near, and made three circumambulations,

नेपाली

टाढैबाट त्यो स्वयम्भू जिनालयलाई देखेर,
उनले प्रणाम गरी नजिक गई तीन प्रदक्षिणा गरे,

Purport

Bowing at first sight from a distance, the same gesture the gods made in chapter two. Three circumambulations, the ordinary human number.

ततोऽभ्यर्च्य महोत्साहैरेनं पञ्चजिनात्मकम् ।
सुप्रसन्नो ह्यभूत्तस्मात् बोधिचित्तश्च भूपतिः ॥ ४.८० ॥

tato'bhyarcya mahotsāhairenaṁ pañcajinātmakam ।
suprasanno hyabhūttasmāt bodhicittaśca bhūpatiḥ ॥ 4.80 ॥

English

Then, worshipping with great festivity this one whose nature is the five Jinas,
the king became serene, and the mind of awakening arose in him.

नेपाली

त्यसपछि पञ्चजिनस्वरूप यसको महोत्साहका साथ पूजा गरी,
ती भूपति प्रसन्न भए, र तिनमा बोधिचित्त उत्पन्न भयो।

Purport

The five Jinas are the five Tathāgatas named in chapter two as seated in the stupa. What the king takes away from his first visit is not a blessing but an intention.

अष्टांगैश्च प्रणत्वा च प्राभजच्छरणाश्रितः ।
ततस्तथा च राजेन्द्रो मञ्जुदेवं च सङ्गुरुम् ॥ ४.८१ ॥

aṣṭāṁgaiśca praṇatvā ca prābhajaccharaṇāśritaḥ ।
tatastathā ca rājendro mañjudevaṁ ca saṅgurum ॥ 4.81 ॥

English

Bowing with the eight limbs, he worshipped and took refuge.
Then that lord of kings likewise came to Mañjudeva, the true guru,

नेपाली

अष्टांग प्रणाम गरी उनले भजन गरी शरण लिए।
त्यसपछि ती राजेन्द्र त्यसरी नै सद्गुरु मञ्जुदेवकहाँ आए,

Purport

Mañjudeva is still living on his hill, two chapters and an unimaginable span of time after he drained the lake.

यथाविधि समभ्यर्च्य प्राभजत्संप्रमोदितः ।
ततस्तथा स राजेन्द्रः खगाननां जिनेश्वरीम् ॥ ४.८२ ॥

yathāvidhi samabhyarcya prābhajatsaṁpramoditaḥ ।
tatastathā sa rājendraḥ khagānanāṁ jineśvarīm ॥ 4.82 ॥

English

and worshipping him according to the rule, honoured him with great delight.
Then that lord of kings likewise came to Khagānanā, Lady of the Jinas,

नेपाली

र विधिअनुसार पूजा गरी अत्यन्त प्रमुदित भई भजन गरे।
त्यसपछि ती राजेन्द्र त्यसरी नै जिनेश्वरी खगाननाकहाँ आए,

Purport

The three of chapter three again: the shrine, the teacher and the goddess, worshipped in the same order.

यथाविधि समभ्यर्च्य महोत्साहैर्मुदाभजत् ।
ततोऽष्टौ वीतरागाश्च सर्वानता त्स्वयंभुवः ॥ ४.८३ ॥

yathāvidhi samabhyarcya mahotsāhairmudābhajat ।
tato'ṣṭau vītarāgāśca sarvānatā tsvayaṁbhuvaḥ ॥ 4.83 ॥

English

and worshipping her according to the rule, honoured her joyfully with great festivity.
Then, beholding the eight Vītarāgas, all bowed to Swayambhu,

नेपाली

र विधिअनुसार पूजा गरी महोत्साहका साथ हर्षपूर्वक भजन गरे।
त्यसपछि स्वयम्भूलाई नमन गर्ने आठ वीतरागलाई देखेर,

Purport

The eight lights are described as themselves bowing to Swayambhu, which quietly settles the question of precedence among the valley's shrines.

दृष्ट्वा समुदितो राजा महोत्साहैस्तथा भजत् ।
एतत्पुण्यानुभावैः स महत्पुण्याशयः कृती ॥ ४.८४ ॥

dṛṣṭvā samudito rājā mahotsāhaistathā bhajat ।
etatpuṇyānubhāvaiḥ sa mahatpuṇyāśayaḥ kṛtī ॥ 4.84 ॥

English

the king rejoiced and worshipped them too with great festivity.
By the power of that merit, that accomplished one, rich in merit and intention,

नेपाली

ती राजा आनन्दित भई तिनको पनि महोत्साहका साथ भजन गरे।
त्यो पुण्यको प्रभावले, ती कृती, महान् पुण्याशयले युक्त भई,

Purport

He has now worshipped every holy thing the poem has introduced across four chapters. The list is complete and the reward follows.

सर्वधर्म्माधि राजेन्द्रः सर्वलोकाधिपो बभौ ।
सर्व विद्याधिपो राजा भद्रश्री सद्गुणाश्रयः ॥ ४.८५ ॥

sarvadharmmādhi rājendraḥ sarvalokādhipo babhau ।
sarva vidyādhipo rājā bhadraśrī sadguṇāśrayaḥ ॥ 4.85 ॥

English

shone as a sovereign lord of all Dharma and master of all the worlds,
a king who was master of all knowledge, a vessel of glory and true virtue.

नेपाली

सर्वधर्माधिराजेन्द्र र सर्वलोकाधिपति भई चम्किए,
सर्वविद्याधिपति राजा, भद्रश्री र सद्गुणका आश्रय।

Purport

The rewards named are the ones a king would want: sovereignty, learning, and a reputation for virtue.

तेन धर्माकरो नाम्ना प्रसिद्धोऽभूद्विराजितः ।
ततः सोऽत्र महाराजः संस्थास्तुं काम आत्मना ॥ ४.८६ ॥

tena dharmākaro nāmnā prasiddho'bhūdvirājitaḥ ।
tataḥ so'tra mahārājaḥ saṁsthāstuṁ kāma ātmanā ॥ 4.86 ॥

English

By that he became renowned and resplendent under the name Dharmākara.
Then that great king, wishing in his heart to settle here,

नेपाली

त्यसैले उनी धर्माकर नामले प्रसिद्ध र विराजमान भए।
त्यसपछि ती महाराजाले मनमा यहाँ बस्ने इच्छा गरी,

Purport

Dharmākara means 'mine of Dharma'. He is the founder of the first city in the Kathmandu Valley as this poem tells it, and he arrives at the idea while standing on the hill.

क्रकुच्छन्दं मुनीन्द्रन्तं प्रणत्वैवं न्यवेदयत् ।
भगवन्यह वांछास्ता विजानीयात्ममेच्छितम् ॥ ४.८७ ॥

krakucchandaṁ munīndrantaṁ praṇatvaivaṁ nyavedayat ।
bhagavanyaha vāṁchāstā vijānīyātmamecchitam ॥ 4.87 ॥

English

bowed to that Lord of Sages Krakucchanda and made this known:
Blessed One, may the Teacher know what I desire,

नेपाली

ती मुनीन्द्र क्रकुच्छन्दलाई प्रणाम गरी यसो निवेदन गरे:
भगवन्, मेरो इच्छा शास्ताले जान्नुहुन्छ,

Purport

He does not state the request outright but says the teacher already knows it, exactly as Ratnapāṇi did in chapter two.

तदनुज्ञां प्रदत्वानुग्रहं कर्तुमर्हति ।
इति संप्रार्थिते तेन भगवान्स मुनीश्वरः ॥ ४.८८ ॥

tadanujñāṁ pradatvānugrahaṁ kartumarhati ।
iti saṁprārthite tena bhagavānsa munīśvaraḥ ॥ 4.88 ॥

English

and granting me leave, be pleased to show me favour.
Thus entreated by him, that Blessed Lord of Sages,

नेपाली

र मलाई अनुमति दिएर अनुग्रह गर्नुहोस्।
उनले यसरी प्रार्थना गरेपछि, ती भगवान् मुनीश्वरले,

Purport

Permission asked before the founding of a city, as it was asked before the draining of a lake.

धर्म्माकरं नरेन्द्रंन्तं सम्पश्यन्नेवमादिशत् ।
साधु राजन्महासत्त्व यदेवं त्वं समीच्छसि ॥ ४.८९ ॥

dharmmākaraṁ narendraṁntaṁ sampaśyannevamādiśat ।
sādhu rājanmahāsattva yadevaṁ tvaṁ samīcchasi ॥ 4.89 ॥

English

looking upon that king Dharmākara, instructed thus:
Very well, O king, great being, since this is what you wish.

नेपाली

ती नरेन्द्र धर्माकरलाई हेर्दै यस्तो उपदेश दिनुभयो:
साधु, हे राजन्, महासत्त्व, जुन तिमी यस्तो चाहन्छौ।

Purport

Granted without hesitation. What follows is a long instruction on how to be a king, and it runs for nearly twenty verses.

तथात्वमिह सन् स्थित्वा पालयन् बोधयन् प्रजाः ।
तथात्र सकलाँल्लोकान् संस्थाप्य संप्रबोधयन् ॥ ४.९० ॥

tathātvamiha san sthitvā pālayan bodhayan prajāḥ ।
tathātra sakalā~llokān saṁsthāpya saṁprabodhayan ॥ 4.90 ॥

English

So remain here, protecting and awakening your subjects;
and settling all the people here, awaken them fully,

नेपाली

त्यसैले यहाँ बस, प्रजाको पालन र प्रबोधन गर्दै;
र यहाँ सबै मानिसलाई बसाएर तिनलाई प्रबोधित गर्दै,

Purport

Two verbs for what a king does: protect and awaken. The poem gives them equal weight and puts them in the same line.

बोधिमार्गे प्रतिष्ठाप्य चारयस्व सदा शुभे ।
धर्म्मेण पालयन् सर्वाल्लोकान् स्वयं समाचरन् ॥ ४.९१ ॥

bodhimārge pratiṣṭhāpya cārayasva sadā śubhe ।
dharmmeṇa pālayan sarvāllokān svayaṁ samācaran ॥ 4.91 ॥

English

establish them on the path of awakening and set them always in what is good.
Protecting all the people with Dharma, and yourself so living,

नेपाली

तिनलाई बोधिमार्गमा स्थापित गरी सधैँ शुभमा लगाऊ।
धर्मले सबै जनताको पालन गर्दै, र स्वयं पनि त्यसै आचरण गर्दै,

Purport

'And yourself so living' is the sharpest phrase in the passage. A king is not exempt from the rule he governs by.

यथाकाम सुखं तु प्रासचरस्व जगद्धिते ।
धर्म्मनीत्या समाधाय कृत्वा लोकहितं सदा ॥ ४.९२ ॥

yathākāma sukhaṁ tu prāsacarasva jagaddhite ।
dharmmanītyā samādhāya kṛtvā lokahitaṁ sadā ॥ 4.92 ॥

English

enjoy happiness at will and move for the welfare of the world.
Governing by the policy of Dharma and always doing good to the people,

नेपाली

इच्छाअनुसार सुख भोग र जगत्को हितमा लाग।
धर्मनीतिले शासन गर्दै र सधैँ लोकहित गर्दै,

Purport

He is told to enjoy himself and to govern well in the same breath. The poem has never treated royal pleasure as a failing.

साधयन्बोधिसम्भारं सदेह निवसाश्रिताः ।
सदास्य शरणे स्थित्वा धर्म्मधातोः स्वयम्भुवः ॥ ४.९३ ॥

sādhayanbodhisambhāraṁ sadeha nivasāśritāḥ ।
sadāsya śaraṇe sthitvā dharmmadhātoḥ svayambhuvaḥ ॥ 4.93 ॥

English

accomplish the accumulations for awakening while living in the body.
Standing always in the refuge of this Dharmadhātu, the Self-Arisen,

नेपाली

शरीरमा बसेरै बोधिसम्भार सिद्ध गर।
सधैँ यो धर्मधातु स्वयम्भूको शरणमा बसेर,

Purport

Awakening pursued from a throne rather than a monastery. The verse makes the point explicitly: while living in the body, in the world, as you are.

श्रद्धया भजनं कृत्वा संचरस्व जगद्धिते ।
अस्याः खगाननायाश्च देव्याः शरण आश्रितः ॥ ४.९४ ॥

śraddhayā bhajanaṁ kṛtvā saṁcarasva jagaddhite ।
asyāḥ khagānanāyāśca devyāḥ śaraṇa āśritaḥ ॥ 4.94 ॥

English

worship him with faith and move for the welfare of the world.
Taking refuge in this goddess Khagānanā,

नेपाली

श्रद्धापूर्वक भजन गर र जगत्को हितमा लाग।
यी देवी खगाननाको शरणमा गएर,

Purport

The instruction now works through the valley's holy things one by one, in the order the king worshipped them.

सर्वदा भजनं कृत्वा चरस्व बोधिसंवरम् ।
अस्यापि मञ्जुदेवस्य सद्गुरोः समुपाश्रितः ॥ ४.९५ ॥

sarvadā bhajanaṁ kṛtvā carasva bodhisaṁvaram ।
asyāpi mañjudevasya sadguroḥ samupāśritaḥ ॥ 4.95 ॥

English

worship her always and practise the vow of awakening.
Taking refuge in this Mañjudeva, the true guru,

नेपाली

सधैँ भजन गर र बोधिसंवर आचरण गर।
यी सद्गुरु मञ्जुदेवको शरणमा गएर,

Purport

The second of the three, and again in the same order chapter three established.

बुद्धानुशासनं धृत्वा सद्धर्म्मे संचरस्व सः ।
एषां च वीतरागानामष्टानामपि सर्वदा ॥ ४.९६ ॥

buddhānuśāsanaṁ dhṛtvā saddharmme saṁcarasva saḥ ।
eṣāṁ ca vītarāgānāmaṣṭānāmapi sarvadā ॥ 4.96 ॥

English

hold the Buddha's instruction and live in the true Dharma.
And of these eight Vītarāgas as well, always

नेपाली

बुद्धको अनुशासन धारण गरी सद्धर्ममा आचरण गर।
र यी आठ वीतरागको पनि सधैँ

Purport

The eight lights are added to the king's round of worship, which is how a pilgrimage circuit becomes an institution.

श्रद्धया भजनं कृत्वा साधय धर्म्ममुक्तमम् ।
वाग्मती प्रमुखानाञ्च तीर्थानां समुपाश्रयन् ॥ ४.९७ ॥

śraddhayā bhajanaṁ kṛtvā sādhaya dharmmamuktamam ।
vāgmatī pramukhānāñca tīrthānāṁ samupāśrayan ॥ 4.97 ॥

English

perform worship with faith, and accomplish the supreme Dharma.
And resorting to the holy fords, the Vāgmatī foremost among them,

नेपाली

श्रद्धापूर्वक भजन गर, र उत्तम धर्म साधना गर।
र वाग्मतीलगायत तीर्थहरूको आश्रय लिएर,

Purport

The rivers are the last item on the list. Shrine, goddess, teacher, the eight lights, and the water.

स्नान दानादिकं कृत्वा पितॄन्देवाञ्च तोषयन् ।
लब्धा त्रिकाय संशुद्धिं धृत्वा संबोधिमानसम् ॥ ४.९८ ॥

snāna dānādikaṁ kṛtvā pitṝndevāñca toṣayan ।
labdhā trikāya saṁśuddhiṁ dhṛtvā saṁbodhimānasam ॥ 4.98 ॥

English

bathe and give gifts and the rest, pleasing the ancestors and the gods;
and having gained the purity of the three bodies, holding the mind of awakening,

नेपाली

स्नान र दान आदि गरी, पितृ र देवतालाई सन्तुष्ट पार्दै;
र त्रिकायको शुद्धि प्राप्त गरी, बोधिचित्त धारण गरी,

Purport

Ancestor rites prescribed to a Buddhist king by a Buddha. The valley's two religious traditions are not being reconciled here so much as simply lived in at once.

सर्वसत्त्वहितं कृत्वा निवसस्व यथासुखम् ।
एवं राजेन्द्र लोकांश्च सर्वानपि प्रबोधयन् ॥ ४.९९ ॥

sarvasattvahitaṁ kṛtvā nivasasva yathāsukham ।
evaṁ rājendra lokāṁśca sarvānapi prabodhayan ॥ 4.99 ॥

English

do good to all beings and dwell here at your ease.
Thus, O lord of kings, awakening all the people as well,

नेपाली

सबै प्राणीको हित गर्दै यहाँ सुखपूर्वक बस।
यसरी, हे राजेन्द्र, सबै मानिसलाई पनि प्रबोधित गर्दै,

Purport

'Dwell here at your ease' sits inside an instruction about awakening a whole population. The poem does not think the two conflict.

एतेषामपि सर्वेषां संस्थाप्य शरणे सदा ।
पूजा भक्ति महोत्साहैः चारयित्वा समादरात् ॥ ४.१०० ॥

eteṣāmapi sarveṣāṁ saṁsthāpya śaraṇe sadā ।
pūjā bhakti mahotsāhaiḥ cārayitvā samādarāt ॥ 4.100 ॥

English

establishing all of them always in refuge,
and setting them with reverence to worship, devotion and festivity,

नेपाली

तिनीहरू सबैलाई सधैँ शरणमा स्थापित गरी,
र आदरपूर्वक पूजा, भक्ति र महोत्सवमा लगाएर,

Purport

A king's religious duty here is not to believe but to organise: to keep the festivals running and the shrines attended.

बोधिमार्गे प्रतिष्ठाप्य चारयस्व सदा शुभे ।
एवं कृत्वा महाराज संबोधि निहिताश्रयः ॥ ४.१०१ ॥

bodhimārge pratiṣṭhāpya cārayasva sadā śubhe ।
evaṁ kṛtvā mahārāja saṁbodhi nihitāśrayaḥ ॥ 4.101 ॥

English

establish them on the path of awakening and set them always in what is good.
Doing this, O great king, with your heart set on awakening,

नेपाली

तिनलाई बोधिमार्गमा स्थापित गरी सधैँ शुभमा लगाऊ।
यसो गरेर, हे महाराज, संबोधिमा चित्त राखी,

Purport

The line repeats verse 91 word for word, which in a chanted text binds the beginning and end of the instruction together.

बोधिचर्याव्रतं धृत्वा संचरस्व जगद्धिते ।
एतत्पुण्याभिलिप्तात्मा भविष्यसि जिनात्मजः ॥ ४.१०२ ॥

bodhicaryāvrataṁ dhṛtvā saṁcarasva jagaddhite ।
etatpuṇyābhiliptātmā bhaviṣyasi jinātmajaḥ ॥ 4.102 ॥

English

hold the vow of Bodhi-conduct and move for the welfare of the world.
Smeared with that merit, you will become a son of the Jina,

नेपाली

बोधिचर्याव्रत धारण गरी जगत्को हितमा लाग।
त्यो पुण्यले लिप्त भई तिमी जिनपुत्र बन्नेछौ,

Purport

Smeared with merit again, the physical image the poem has used since chapter two.

बोधिसत्त्वो महाभिज्ञो भद्रश्री सद्गुणाश्रयः ।
कदाचिदपि नैवत्वं दुर्गतौ च क्वचित्सरेः ॥ ४.१०३ ॥

bodhisattvo mahābhijño bhadraśrī sadguṇāśrayaḥ ।
kadācidapi naivatvaṁ durgatau ca kvacitsareḥ ॥ 4.103 ॥

English

a Bodhisattva of great knowledge, a vessel of glory and true virtue.
Never at any time will you fall into an evil destiny anywhere,

नेपाली

महाज्ञानी बोधिसत्त्व, भद्रश्री र सद्गुणका आश्रय।
तिमी कहिल्यै, कतै पनि दुर्गतिमा पर्नेछैनौ,

Purport

The guarantee, given here to a named individual rather than to a class of worshippers.

सदा सद्गतिसंजातः समृद्धि सिद्धिमान्सुधीः ।
श्रीमान्सर्वगुणाधीशः सर्वलोकाधिपः कृती ॥ ४.१०४ ॥

sadā sadgatisaṁjātaḥ samṛddhi siddhimānsudhīḥ ।
śrīmānsarvaguṇādhīśaḥ sarvalokādhipaḥ kṛtī ॥ 4.104 ॥

English

but always born in fortunate states, prosperous, accomplished and wise,
glorious, master of every virtue, lord of all the worlds, and successful.

नेपाली

तर सधैँ सद्गतिमा जन्मिएर, समृद्ध, सिद्धिमान् र सुधी,
श्रीमान्, सर्वगुणाधीश, सर्वलोकाधिप र कृती हुनेछौ।

Purport

Eight adjectives in a line, all of them worldly. The poem is describing a good reign, not a renunciation.

क्रमेण बोधिसंभारं पूरयित्वा समाहितम् ।
त्रिरत्न भजनोत्साह महानन्दसुखं सदा ॥ ४.१०५ ॥

krameṇa bodhisaṁbhāraṁ pūrayitvā samāhitam ।
triratna bhajanotsāha mahānandasukhaṁ sadā ॥ 4.105 ॥

English

Fulfilling the accumulations for awakening in due order, with a settled mind,
always enjoying the great joy and ease of worshipping the Three Jewels,

नेपाली

क्रमैसँग समाहित चित्तले बोधिसम्भार पूरा गर्दै,
सधैँ त्रिरत्नको भजनको महानन्द र सुख भोग्दै,

Purport

Worship is described as an enjoyment rather than an obligation, which is consistent with how this poem has treated it throughout.

भुञ्जानो निर्म्मलाचारश्चतुर्ब्रह्म विहारिणः ।
निःक्लेशो निर्जयन्मारान् सर्वानर्हन्त्वमाप्तवान् ॥ ४.१०६ ॥

bhuñjāno nirmmalācāraścaturbrahma vihāriṇaḥ ।
niḥkleśo nirjayanmārān sarvānarhantvamāptavān ॥ 4.106 ॥

English

pure in conduct, dwelling in the four Brahmavihāras,
free of defilement, conquering all the Māras, you will attain Arhatship,

नेपाली

निर्मल आचरणयुक्त, चार ब्रह्मविहारमा विहार गर्दै,
निःक्लेश भई, सबै मारलाई जितेर, तिमी अर्हत्व प्राप्त गर्नेछौ,

Purport

The four brahmavihāras once more: kindness, compassion, joy in others' good fortune, and evenness of mind.

त्रिविधां बोधिमासाद्य संबुद्धपदमाप्नुयाः ।
लोकाः सर्वेऽपि चैवंहि परिशुद्धत्रिमण्डलाः ॥ ४.१०७ ॥

trividhāṁ bodhimāsādya saṁbuddhapadamāpnuyāḥ ।
lokāḥ sarve'pi caivaṁhi pariśuddhatrimaṇḍalāḥ ॥ 4.107 ॥

English

and attaining the threefold awakening, reach the state of a Perfect Buddha.
And all the people likewise, their three spheres wholly pure,

नेपाली

र त्रिविध बोधि प्राप्त गरेर सम्बुद्धपद पाउनेछौ।
र सबै मानिसहरू पनि त्यसरी नै, त्रिमण्डल पूर्ण शुद्ध भई,

Purport

The promise turns from the king to his subjects. Everything offered to him is offered to them.

बोधिसत्त्वा महासत्त्वाः सदा सद्गति संभवाः ।
बोधिचर्या व्रतं धृत्वा संचरन्तो जगद्धिते ॥ ४.१०८ ॥

bodhisattvā mahāsattvāḥ sadā sadgati saṁbhavāḥ ।
bodhicaryā vrataṁ dhṛtvā saṁcaranto jagaddhite ॥ 4.108 ॥

English

become Bodhisattvas and great beings, always born in fortunate states,
holding the vow of Bodhi-conduct and moving for the welfare of the world.

नेपाली

बोधिसत्त्व र महासत्त्व भई, सधैँ सद्गतिमा जन्मिएर,
बोधिचर्याव्रत धारण गरी जगत्को हितमा लाग्छन्।

Purport

The whole population set on the same road as their king, in the same words.

जित्वा मारगणान्सर्वांश्चतुर्ब्रह्म विहारिणः ।
निःक्लेशा निर्म्मलात्मानः संसारगति निःस्पृहाः ॥ ४.१०९ ॥

jitvā māragaṇānsarvāṁścaturbrahma vihāriṇaḥ ।
niḥkleśā nirmmalātmānaḥ saṁsāragati niḥspṛhāḥ ॥ 4.109 ॥

English

Conquering all the hosts of Māra, dwelling in the four Brahmavihāras,
free of defilement, stainless in self, without craving for worldly wandering,

नेपाली

सबै मारगणलाई जितेर, चार ब्रह्मविहारमा विहार गर्दै,
निःक्लेश, निर्मल आत्मा, भवगतिमा निस्पृह भई,

Purport

The list repeats what was said of the king, which is the poem's way of saying there is one path and not two.

अर्हन्तस्त्रिविधां सम्बोधिं प्राप्य बुद्धत्वमाप्नुयुः ।
एषां च वीतरागानामष्टानामपि साम्प्रतम् ॥ ४.११० ॥

arhantastrividhāṁ sambodhiṁ prāpya buddhatvamāpnuyuḥ ।
eṣāṁ ca vītarāgānāmaṣṭānāmapi sāmpratam ॥ 4.110 ॥

English

as Arhats, attaining the threefold awakening, they reach Buddhahood.
And now, of these eight Vītarāgas,

नेपाली

अर्हत भई, त्रिविध बोधि प्राप्त गरेर बुद्धत्व पाउँछन्।
र अब, यी आठ वीतरागको,

Purport

The instruction on kingship ends and a new passage begins. What follows is a catalogue of offerings and their fruits, built exactly like the one in chapter two.

पूजाफल विशेषत्वं वक्ष्यामि शृणु तन्नृप ।
वाग्मतीसलिले यस्तु स्नात्वा नित्यं समाहितः ॥ ४.१११ ॥

pūjāphala viśeṣatvaṁ vakṣyāmi śṛṇu tannṛpa ।
vāgmatīsalile yastu snātvā nityaṁ samāhitaḥ ॥ 4.111 ॥

English

I shall tell the particular fruits of worship; hear it, O king.
Whoever bathes in the water of the Vāgmatī, always with a settled mind,

नेपाली

म पूजाका विशेष फल भन्नेछु; सुन, हे राजन्।
जसले वाग्मतीको जलमा सधैँ समाहित चित्तले स्नान गरी,

Purport

The formula that opened the great catalogue of chapter two, used again here for a shorter one.

अष्टावेतान्महेशान् वीतरागान् सदा भजेत् ।
स तत्पुण्यविशुद्धात्मा श्री समृद्धि सुखान्वितः ॥ ४.११२ ॥

aṣṭāvetānmaheśān vītarāgān sadā bhajet ।
sa tatpuṇyaviśuddhātmā śrī samṛddhi sukhānvitaḥ ॥ 4.112 ॥

English

and worships these eight great lords, the dispassionate ones, always,
is purified in self by that merit, and endowed with glory, abundance and happiness;

नेपाली

र यी आठ महेश वीतरागको सधैँ भजन गर्छ,
त्यो पुण्यले विशुद्ध आत्मा भई श्री, समृद्धि र सुखले युक्त हुन्छ;

Purport

Bathing in the river and worshipping the eight are treated as one practice, which is how the pilgrim circuit actually works.

संसारे सर्वदा सौख्यं भुक्त्वा यायाच्छिवालयम् ।
घृतेन स्नापयेद्यस्तु वीतरागान् स्वयंभूवः ॥ ४.११३ ॥

saṁsāre sarvadā saukhyaṁ bhuktvā yāyācchivālayam ।
ghṛtena snāpayedyastu vītarāgān svayaṁbhūvaḥ ॥ 4.113 ॥

English

having enjoyed happiness always in this world, he goes to the abode of Śiva.
And whoever bathes the Vītarāgas of Swayambhu with clarified butter

नेपाली

संसारमा सधैँ सुख भोगेर उनी शिवालय पुग्छन्।
र जसले स्वयम्भूका वीतरागहरूलाई घिउले स्नान गराउँछ,

Purport

The reward is Śivāloka, Śiva's heaven. A Buddha is promising it, and the poem does not pause over this. It is the clearest single sign of how the two traditions had grown together in the valley the poet knew.

शिवालयं व्रजेत्सोऽपि मधुना ब्रह्ममन्दिरम् ।
दध्ना यः स्नापयेद्देवान् वीतरागान् स्वयंभुवः ॥ ४.११४ ॥

śivālayaṁ vrajetso'pi madhunā brahmamandiram ।
dadhnā yaḥ snāpayeddevān vītarāgān svayaṁbhuvaḥ ॥ 4.114 ॥

English

goes to the abode of Śiva; and with honey, to the temple of Brahmā.
Whoever bathes those gods, the Vītarāgas of Swayambhu, with curd

नेपाली

उनी शिवालय पुग्छन्; र मह चढाउनेले ब्रह्ममन्दिर।
जसले स्वयम्भूका वीतराग देवहरूलाई दहीले स्नान गराउँछ,

Purport

Each substance has its own destination. The scheme is the one used in Hindu vrata literature, and the poet has taken it over whole.

स यायाद्वैष्णवं लोकं श्री समृद्धि सुखाश्रयम् ।
स्नानादिक्षुरसेनापि विद्याधरं पदं व्रजेत् ॥ ४.११५ ॥

sa yāyādvaiṣṇavaṁ lokaṁ śrī samṛddhi sukhāśrayam ।
snānādikṣurasenāpi vidyādharaṁ padaṁ vrajet ॥ 4.115 ॥

English

goes to the world of Viṣṇu, the seat of glory, abundance and happiness;
and by bathing with sugarcane juice one goes to the station of the Vidyādharas;

नेपाली

उनी वैष्णव लोक पुग्छन्, श्री, समृद्धि र सुखको आश्रय;
र इक्षुरसले स्नान गराएर विद्याधर पद पाइन्छ;

Purport

Three heavens in two verses, belonging to three different gods, all reachable from one shrine depending on what you pour.

गन्धोदकेन गान्धर्व क्षीरेण शशिनः पदम् ।
शीतोदकेन शुद्धात्मा निष्पापो निर्मलेन्द्रियः ॥ ४.११६ ॥

gandhodakena gāndharva kṣīreṇa śaśinaḥ padam ।
śītodakena śuddhātmā niṣpāpo nirmalendriyaḥ ॥ 4.116 ॥

English

with scented water, to that of the Gandharvas; with milk, to the station of the moon;
and with cool water one becomes pure in self, free of sin, clear in the senses.

नेपाली

गन्धोदकले गान्धर्व पद; दूधले चन्द्रपद;
र शीतल जलले शुद्ध आत्मा, निष्पाप, निर्मल इन्द्रियका हुन्छन्।

Purport

The list ends with plain cold water, which anyone can carry, and its fruit is not a heaven but a clean mind.

एषां पूजां च यः कुर्यान्नानापुष्पैः सुगन्धितैः ।
सर्व काम सुखं भुक्त्वा मोदते मनुजाधिपः ॥ ४.११७ ॥

eṣāṁ pūjāṁ ca yaḥ kuryānnānāpuṣpaiḥ sugandhitaiḥ ।
sarva kāma sukhaṁ bhuktvā modate manujādhipaḥ ॥ 4.117 ॥

English

And whoever worships them with fragrant flowers of many kinds
enjoys every pleasure and rejoices as a ruler of men.

नेपाली

र जसले नानाविध सुगन्धित फूलले तिनको पूजा गर्छ,
उनी सबै कामसुख भोगेर मनुजाधिप भई आनन्दित हुन्छन्।

Purport

The offerings now move from liquids to flowers and leaves, following the order of an actual pūjā.

विल्वपत्राणि श्रेष्ठानि रोहणर्च्चमतन्द्रितः ।
शिवं सर्वत्र प्राप्नोति यज्ञानां च सहस्रकम् ॥ ४.११८ ॥

vilvapatrāṇi śreṣṭhāni rohaṇarccamatandritaḥ ।
śivaṁ sarvatra prāpnoti yajñānāṁ ca sahasrakam ॥ 4.118 ॥

English

Worshipping untiringly with the finest bilva leaves,
one attains good everywhere, and the fruit of a thousand sacrifices.

नेपाली

उत्तम बेलपत्रले अथक रूपमा पूजा गर्दा,
सबैतिर शिव प्राप्त हुन्छ, र हजार यज्ञको फल पनि।

Purport

Bilva leaves are the offering made to Śiva above all others, and no Buddhist rite uses them. A thousand Vedic sacrifices as the unit of measurement is equally foreign to Buddhist accounting. This verse is the high point of the chapter's syncretism.

नैवेद्यं ढोकयेद्यः स दीर्घायुः स्याद्बली नृपः ।
दीपमालां च यो दद्यात्तेजस्वी स्यात्सुदृष्टिमान् ॥ ४.११९ ॥

naivedyaṁ ḍhokayedyaḥ sa dīrghāyuḥ syādbalī nṛpaḥ ।
dīpamālāṁ ca yo dadyāttejasvī syātsudṛṣṭimān ॥ 4.119 ॥

English

Whoever presents food offerings becomes long-lived, strong and a king;
and whoever gives a row of lamps becomes radiant and clear of sight.

नेपाली

जसले नैवेद्य चढाउँछ उनी दीर्घायु, बलवान् र नृप हुन्छन्;
र जसले दीपमाला दिन्छ उनी तेजस्वी र सुदृष्टिमान् हुन्छन्।

Purport

The lamp and clear sight are paired, exactly as they were in chapter two. The poem's logic of exchange is consistent across its catalogues.

गुग्गुलुं यो दहेत्तस्य नश्यते सर्वपातकम् ।
तिलपात्रं च यो दद्याद्दुर्ग्गतिं स व्रजेन्नहि ॥ ४.१२० ॥

gugguluṁ yo dahettasya naśyate sarvapātakam ।
tilapātraṁ ca yo dadyāddurggatiṁ sa vrajennahi ॥ 4.120 ॥

English

Whoever burns guggulu incense has all his sins destroyed;
and whoever gives a vessel of sesame does not go to an evil destiny.

नेपाली

जसले गुग्गुल धूप बाल्छ उनका सबै पाप नष्ट हुन्छन्;
र जसले तिलपात्र दिन्छ उनी दुर्गतिमा जाँदैनन्।

Purport

Guggulu is the resin still burned in every shrine in the valley, and sesame is the cheapest of ritual gifts. Both get full entries.

सुवर्णं यः प्रदद्याच्च स यायात्सङ्गतौ सदा ।
तिलधेनुं प्रदद्याद्यः स यायाच्छिवालयम् ॥ ४.१२१ ॥

suvarṇaṁ yaḥ pradadyācca sa yāyātsaṅgatau sadā ।
tiladhenuṁ pradadyādyaḥ sa yāyācchivālayam ॥ 4.121 ॥

English

Whoever gives gold goes always to a fortunate state;
and whoever gives a cow of sesame goes to the abode of Śiva.

नेपाली

जसले सुन दिन्छ उनी सधैँ सद्गतिमा जान्छन्;
र जसले तिलधेनु दिन्छ उनी शिवालय पुग्छन्।

Purport

The tiladhenu is a heap of sesame shaped as a cow and given away, a substitute for the real animal that a poor donor could afford. The poem gives the substitute the higher reward.

रौप्यखुरां हेम शृंगी रणद्घण्टावलिं विना ।
सवत्सां कपिलां दद्याद्यः स यज्ञफलं लभेत् ॥ ४.१२२ ॥

raupyakhurāṁ hema śṛṁgī raṇadghaṇṭāvaliṁ vinā ।
savatsāṁ kapilāṁ dadyādyaḥ sa yajñaphalaṁ labhet ॥ 4.122 ॥

English

Whoever gives a tawny cow with her calf, her hooves silvered and horns gilded,
hung about with ringing bells, gains the fruit of a sacrifice.

नेपाली

जसले चाँदीका खुर र सुनका सिङ भएकी, घण्टीले सजिएकी,
बाछोसहितकी कपिला गाई दिन्छ, उनले यज्ञफल पाउँछन्।

Purport

The one verse in the poem that describes an object purely for its appearance. Silver on the hooves, gold on the horns, bells around the neck. Somebody had watched this gift being made.

यो रत्नकंचुकं दद्यात्स भवेद्बहुरत्नवान् ।
वस्त्रवान् वस्त्रदानेन भूमिदानेन भूमिवान् ॥ ४.१२३ ॥

yo ratnakaṁcukaṁ dadyātsa bhavedbahuratnavān ।
vastravān vastradānena bhūmidānena bhūmivān ॥ 4.123 ॥

English

Whoever gives a jewelled robe becomes rich in many jewels;
by the gift of cloth one gains cloth, by the gift of land one gains land.

नेपाली

जसले रत्नकञ्चुक दिन्छ उनी बहुरत्नवान् हुन्छन्;
वस्त्रदानले वस्त्रवान्, भूमिदानले भूमिवान् हुन्छन्।

Purport

The rule of exchange stated in its barest form. You get back what you gave.

तूर्यसंगीति नृत्यादि महोत्साहं प्रचारयेत् ।
यः सदिव्य श्रुतिप्राप्तः शिवपार्श्वचरो भवेत् ॥ ४.१२४ ॥

tūryasaṁgīti nṛtyādi mahotsāhaṁ pracārayet ।
yaḥ sadivya śrutiprāptaḥ śivapārśvacaro bhavet ॥ 4.124 ॥

English

Whoever sets going the great festival of drums, song and dance
attains divine hearing and becomes an attendant at Śiva's side.

नेपाली

जसले तूर्य, सङ्गीत र नृत्यको महोत्सव चलाउँछ,
उनले दिव्य श्रुति पाई शिवका पार्श्वचर हुन्छन्।

Purport

Paying for a festival is counted as an offering in its own right. In the valley the great festivals have always been funded this way, by families endowing them in perpetuity.

नीलोत्पलार्कपद्मानि यो दद्यात्स श्रियं लभेत् ।
योऽर्चयेद्विल्वपत्रेण स बलिष्ठो भवेत्कृती ॥ ४.१२५ ॥

nīlotpalārkapadmāni yo dadyātsa śriyaṁ labhet ।
yo'rcayedvilvapatreṇa sa baliṣṭho bhavetkṛtī ॥ 4.125 ॥

English

Whoever offers blue lotuses and sun-lotuses gains glory;
and whoever worships with bilva leaves becomes strong and accomplished.

नेपाली

जसले नीलोत्पल र अर्कपद्म चढाउँछ उनी श्री पाउँछन्;
र जसले बेलपत्रले पूजा गर्छ उनी बलिष्ठ र कृती हुन्छन्।

Purport

Bilva again, and again with a reward. The poet returns to it because it is the offering his readers would actually have been carrying.

धत्तुरकेन निर्वार्य केन वीरेण सद्वनो ।
सुगन्धिकुसुमैः सर्वैर्योऽष्टावपि समर्चयेत् ॥ ४.१२६ ॥

dhatturakena nirvārya kena vīreṇa sadvano ।
sugandhikusumaiḥ sarvairyo'ṣṭāvapi samarcayet ॥ 4.126 ॥

English

and with dhattūra flowers, warding off all harm, and with heroic resolve,
whoever worships all eight of them with every fragrant blossom

नेपाली

र धतुराका फूलले, सबै अनिष्ट निवारण गर्दै, वीरभावले,
जसले सबै आठको सुगन्धित फूलले पूजा गर्छ,

Purport

Dhattūra, the thorn apple, is poisonous and is sacred to Śiva precisely for that reason. It grows wild all over the valley and is still heaped on liṅgas at Shivaratri.

स श्रीमान् सुभगो धीमान् भवेत्सौगन्धिताश्रये ।
दिव्यातिसुन्दरः कान्तो भद्रश्री सद्गुणाद्धिमान् ॥ ४.१२७ ॥

sa śrīmān subhago dhīmān bhavetsaugandhitāśraye ।
divyātisundaraḥ kānto bhadraśrī sadguṇāddhimān ॥ 4.127 ॥

English

becomes glorious, fortunate and wise, a vessel of sweet fragrance,
of divine and surpassing beauty, beloved, rich in glory and true virtue.

नेपाली

उनी श्रीमान्, सुभग र धीमान् हुन्छन्, सुगन्धका आश्रय,
दिव्य अतिसुन्दर, कान्त, भद्रश्री र सद्गुणले समृद्ध।

Purport

Offer fragrance and become fragrant, as in chapter two. The correspondence holds even across a change of religious idiom.

पुष्पैः पत्रैः फलमूलैस्तोत्रै र्वा योऽर्चयेच्छिवान् ।
स देवालयमासाद्य भुक्त्वा दिव्यसुखं चरेत् ॥ ४.१२८ ॥

puṣpaiḥ patraiḥ phalamūlaistotrai rvā yo'rcayecchivān ।
sa devālayamāsādya bhuktvā divyasukhaṁ caret ॥ 4.128 ॥

English

Whoever worships those lords with flowers, leaves, fruits, roots or hymns
reaches the abode of the gods and moves there enjoying divine happiness.

नेपाली

जसले ती शिवहरूलाई फूल, पात, फल, मूल वा स्तोत्रले पूजा गर्छ,
उनी देवालय पुगेर दिव्य सुख भोग्दै विचरण गर्छन्।

Purport

Roots and leaves are listed beside hymns. The poem keeps insisting that what you can gather in a forest counts as much as what you can compose.

यश्च प्रदक्षिणां कृत्वा भजेन्नित्यं समादरात् ।
रूपवान्स भवेदन्ते संप्रयायाच्छिवालयम् ॥ ४.१२९ ॥

yaśca pradakṣiṇāṁ kṛtvā bhajennityaṁ samādarāt ।
rūpavānsa bhavedante saṁprayāyācchivālayam ॥ 4.129 ॥

English

And whoever makes circumambulation and worships daily with reverence
becomes beautiful, and at the end goes to the abode of Śiva.

नेपाली

र जसले प्रदक्षिणा गरी नित्य आदरपूर्वक भजन गर्छ,
उनी रूपवान् हुन्छन्, र अन्त्यमा शिवालय पुग्छन्।

Purport

Circumambulation, the act performed in every chapter of this poem, here rewarded with beauty.

यश्च स्तोत्रैः प्रसन्नात्मा भजेतेतान्महेश्वरान् ।
स तु पित्रालयं गत्वा महानन्द सुखं लभेत् ॥ ४.१३० ॥

yaśca stotraiḥ prasannātmā bhajetetānmaheśvarān ।
sa tu pitrālayaṁ gatvā mahānanda sukhaṁ labhet ॥ 4.130 ॥

English

And whoever with serene heart worships these great lords with hymns
goes to the world of the ancestors and gains the happiness of great joy.

नेपाली

र जसले प्रसन्न हृदयले स्तोत्रले यी महेश्वरहरूको भजन गर्छ,
उनी पितृलोक पुगेर महानन्दको सुख पाउँछन्।

Purport

The world of the ancestors is a Hindu destination, added to the Śaiva and Vaiṣṇava heavens already named.

यश्चनाम समुच्चार्य जपित्वा च समाहितः ।
सोऽपि श्रीमान्महाभिज्ञः प्रान्ते यायाच्छिवालयम् ॥ ४.१३१ ॥

yaścanāma samuccārya japitvā ca samāhitaḥ ।
so'pi śrīmānmahābhijñaḥ prānte yāyācchivālayam ॥ 4.131 ॥

English

And whoever utters their names and recites them with a settled mind
becomes glorious and of great knowledge, and at the end goes to the abode of Śiva.

नेपाली

र जसले तिनका नाम उच्चारण गरी समाहित चित्तले जप गर्छ,
उनी श्रीमान् र महाज्ञानी भई अन्त्यमा शिवालय पुग्छन्।

Purport

Saying the name, the smallest offering in the poem, present in every catalogue it contains.

अष्टांगैः प्रणतिं कृत्वा यो भजेत्तान्महेश्वरान् ।
स यायात्सङ्गतावेव दुर्गतिं न कदाचन ॥ ४.१३२ ॥

aṣṭāṁgaiḥ praṇatiṁ kṛtvā yo bhajettānmaheśvarān ।
sa yāyātsaṅgatāveva durgatiṁ na kadācana ॥ 4.132 ॥

English

Whoever makes the eight-limbed prostration and worships those great lords
goes only to fortunate states, and never to an evil destiny.

नेपाली

जसले अष्टांग प्रणाम गरी ती महेश्वरहरूको भजन गर्छ,
उनी सद्गतिमा मात्र जान्छन्, कहिल्यै दुर्गतिमा जाँदैनन्।

Purport

The prostration is free, and its promised fruit is the same one given for gold and for cows.

स्मृत्वा ध्यात्वा समुच्चार्य नामापि यो भजेत्सदा ।
स दिव्यामृतभुंजानो रमेद्दिवि यथासुखम् ॥ ४.१३३ ॥

smṛtvā dhyātvā samuccārya nāmāpi yo bhajetsadā ।
sa divyāmṛtabhuṁjāno rameddivi yathāsukham ॥ 4.133 ॥

English

Whoever remembers, meditates upon and utters even their names, worshipping always,
enjoys the divine nectar and delights in heaven at his ease.

नेपाली

जसले स्मरण, ध्यान गरी नाम उच्चारण गरी सधैँ भजन गर्छ,
उनी दिव्य अमृत भोगेर स्वर्गमा सुखपूर्वक रमाउँछन्।

Purport

Three ways of holding them in mind, none of which requires going anywhere or carrying anything.

यश्च दृष्ट्वा प्रसन्नात्मा प्रणमेत्सांजलिर्मुदा ।
सोऽपि दिव्यामृतं भुक्त्वा रमेत्स्वर्गे सुरैः सह ॥ ४.१३४ ॥

yaśca dṛṣṭvā prasannātmā praṇametsāṁjalirmudā ।
so'pi divyāmṛtaṁ bhuktvā rametsvarge suraiḥ saha ॥ 4.134 ॥

English

And whoever, seeing them with serene heart, bows with folded hands in joy,
he too, enjoying the divine nectar, delights in heaven among the gods.

नेपाली

र जसले प्रसन्न हृदयले तिनको दर्शन गरी हर्षपूर्वक हात जोडेर प्रणाम गर्छ,
उनी पनि दिव्य अमृत भोगेर स्वर्गमा देवताहरूसँग रमाउँछन्।

Purport

The catalogue ends where it always ends in this poem, with the person who has nothing to give but attention.

इत्येषां वीतरागाणामष्टानां भजनाद्ध्रुवम् ।
विशेषफलमाज्ञाय भजस्वैनान् यथेच्छया ॥ ४.१३५ ॥

ityeṣāṁ vītarāgāṇāmaṣṭānāṁ bhajanāddhruvam ।
viśeṣaphalamājñāya bhajasvainān yathecchayā ॥ 4.135 ॥

English

Thus, knowing surely the particular fruit that comes from worshipping
these eight Vītarāgas, worship them as you wish.

नेपाली

यसरी यी आठ वीतरागको भजनबाट आउने विशेष फल
निश्चय जानेर, इच्छाअनुसार तिनको भजन गर।

Purport

'As you wish' closes the catalogue. Having listed what each offering brings, the poem leaves the choice entirely to the worshipper.

तदत्र भूतले शुद्धे विधाय पुरमाश्रयन् ।
सर्वाल्लोकान् प्रतिष्ठाप्य पालयन्सर्वदा वस ॥ ४.१३६ ॥

tadatra bhūtale śuddhe vidhāya puramāśrayan ।
sarvāllokān pratiṣṭhāpya pālayansarvadā vasa ॥ 4.136 ॥

English

So here upon this pure ground, found a city and settle in it;
establish all the people, protect them, and dwell here always.

नेपाली

त्यसैले यहाँ यो शुद्ध भूमिमा नगर बसालेर बस;
सबै मानिसलाई स्थापित गर, पालन गर, र सधैँ यहीँ बस।

Purport

The Buddha tells the king to build a city. This is the sentence the whole chapter has been working towards, and it is the poem's account of the founding of the first settlement in the Kathmandu Valley.

तदात्र सर्वदिग्भ्योऽपि सर्वलोकाः प्रमोदिताः ।
आगत्य संस्थितिं कृत्वा निवसेयुः सदा मुदा ॥ ४.१३७ ॥

tadātra sarvadigbhyo'pi sarvalokāḥ pramoditāḥ ।
āgatya saṁsthitiṁ kṛtvā nivaseyuḥ sadā mudā ॥ 4.137 ॥

English

Then people from every direction, filled with delight,
will come here, settle, and dwell always in joy.

नेपाली

त्यसपछि सबै दिशाबाट मानिसहरू प्रमुदित भई,
यहाँ आएर बसोबास गरी सधैँ हर्षपूर्वक बस्नेछन्।

Purport

The city is described as something people arrive at rather than something a king fills. The valley has been a destination for immigrants for as long as anyone has written about it.

तदा जानपदाश्चात्र ग्रामाश्चनगराण्यपि ।
निगमपत्तनं चापि प्रवर्तेयुः समन्ततः ॥ ४.१३८ ॥

tadā jānapadāścātra grāmāścanagarāṇyapi ।
nigamapattanaṁ cāpi pravarteyuḥ samantataḥ ॥ 4.138 ॥

English

Then districts, villages and cities as well,
and markets and trading towns, will arise on every side.

नेपाली

त्यसपछि जनपद, गाउँ र नगरहरू,
र बजार तथा व्यापारिक बस्तीहरू चारैतिर बन्नेछन्।

Purport

The exact answer to the question Maitreya asked in verse 2. Markets and trading towns are named alongside villages, which is honest about what actually made the valley rich.

तथा देवाः सुरेन्द्राश्च सर्वे लोकाधिपा अपि ।
आगत्यात्र समालोक्य धर्मधातोः स्वयंभुवः ॥ ४.१३९ ॥

tathā devāḥ surendrāśca sarve lokādhipā api ।
āgatyātra samālokya dharmadhātoḥ svayaṁbhuvaḥ ॥ 4.139 ॥

English

So too the gods and the lords of the gods, and all the guardians of the worlds,
coming here and beholding the Dharmadhātu, the Self-Arisen,

नेपाली

त्यसरी नै देवता र सुरेन्द्रहरू, र सबै लोकाधिपतिहरू,
यहाँ आएर धर्मधातु स्वयम्भूको दर्शन गरी,

Purport

The gods are described as settling in the valley alongside the people. In Newar practice this is literally true: every quarter of the old cities has its resident deity with its own house.

गन्धर्वा गुह्यका यक्षाः किन्नरा राक्षसा अपि ।
कुम्भाण्डा गरुडा नागाः सिद्धा विद्याधरा अपि ॥ ४.१४० ॥

gandharvā guhyakā yakṣāḥ kinnarā rākṣasā api ।
kumbhāṇḍā garuḍā nāgāḥ siddhā vidyādharā api ॥ 4.140 ॥

English

Gandharvas, Guhyakas, Yakṣas, Kinnaras and Rākṣasas too,
Kumbhāṇḍas, Garuḍas, Nāgas, Siddhas and Vidyādharas,

नेपाली

गन्धर्व, गुह्यक, यक्ष, किन्नर र राक्षसहरू पनि,
कुम्भाण्ड, गरुड, नाग, सिद्ध र विद्याधरहरू,

Purport

The catalogue of beings, appearing now not as visitors to a sermon but as residents of a country.

साध्याश्च मातृका श्चापि स भैरवगणा अपि ।
ऋषयो योगिनश्चापि यतय स्तीर्थिका अपि ॥ ४.१४१ ॥

sādhyāśca mātṛkā ścāpi sa bhairavagaṇā api ।
ṛṣayo yoginaścāpi yataya stīrthikā api ॥ 4.141 ॥

English

Sādhyas and the Mother goddesses, and the hosts of Bhairavas too,
seers and yogins, renunciates and tīrthikas,

नेपाली

साध्य र मातृकाहरू, र भैरवगणहरू पनि,
ऋषि र योगीहरू, यति र तीर्थिकहरू,

Purport

The Mātṛkās and the Bhairavas are the fierce deities whose shrines mark the boundaries of every Newar town. Naming them here is naming the map of the valley as it still is.

श्रावका भिक्षवोऽर्हन्त श्चैलकाश्चाप्युपासकाः ।
बोधिसत्त्वा महासत्त्वाः शैवाः कौलाश्च वैष्णवाः ॥ ४.१४२ ॥

śrāvakā bhikṣavo'rhanta ścailakāścāpyupāsakāḥ ।
bodhisattvā mahāsattvāḥ śaivāḥ kaulāśca vaiṣṇavāḥ ॥ 4.142 ॥

English

disciples, monks and Arhats, cailakas and lay devotees,
Bodhisattvas and great beings, Śaivas and Kaulas and Vaiṣṇavas,

नेपाली

श्रावक, भिक्षु र अर्हतहरू, चैलक र उपासकहरू,
बोधिसत्त्व र महासत्त्वहरू, शैव, कौल र वैष्णवहरू,

Purport

Śaivas, Kaulas and Vaiṣṇavas named in one line alongside monks and bodhisattvas, as co-founders of the same country. This is the poem's fullest statement of what kind of place it thinks the valley is.

आगत्यात्र समालोक्य धर्म्मधातोः स्वयंभुवः ।
देव्याः खगाननायाश्च मञ्जुदेवस्य सङ्गुरोः ॥ ४.१४३ ॥

āgatyātra samālokya dharmmadhātoḥ svayaṁbhuvaḥ ।
devyāḥ khagānanāyāśca mañjudevasya saṅguroḥ ॥ 4.143 ॥

English

coming here and beholding the Dharmadhātu, the Self-Arisen,
and the goddess Khagānanā, and Mañjudeva, the true guru,

नेपाली

यहाँ आएर धर्मधातु स्वयम्भू,
र देवी खगानना, र सद्गुरु मञ्जुदेवको दर्शन गरी,

Purport

All of them worship the same three things. Whatever their own tradition, the poem has them making the same round.

एषां च वीतरागानां तीर्थानां चानुभावतः ।
प्रसादिताः समाश्रित्य भजेयुः सर्वदा मुदा ॥ ४.१४४ ॥

eṣāṁ ca vītarāgānāṁ tīrthānāṁ cānubhāvataḥ ।
prasāditāḥ samāśritya bhajeyuḥ sarvadā mudā ॥ 4.144 ॥

English

and these Vītarāgas and the holy fords, through their power
are made gracious, and drawing near, worship them always with joy.

नेपाली

र यी वीतराग तथा तीर्थहरूको प्रभावले,
प्रसन्न भई, नजिक गएर सधैँ हर्षपूर्वक भजन गर्छन्।

Purport

The full list of the valley's holy things, complete after four chapters: the stupa, the goddess, the teacher, the eight lights and the rivers.

तदात्र सर्वदैतेषां सर्वा पुण्यानुभावतः ।
सुभिक्षं मंगलोत्साहं निरुत्पातं भवेद्ध्रुवम् ॥ ४.१४५ ॥

tadātra sarvadaiteṣāṁ sarvā puṇyānubhāvataḥ ।
subhikṣaṁ maṁgalotsāhaṁ nirutpātaṁ bhaveddhruvam ॥ 4.145 ॥

English

Then here always, by the power of the merit of all of them,
there will surely be abundance of food, festivity and freedom from calamity.

नेपाली

त्यसपछि यहाँ सधैँ, ती सबैको पुण्यको प्रभावले,
निश्चय नै सुभिक्ष, मङ्गलोत्सव र निरुत्पात हुनेछ।

Purport

Enough to eat, festivals, and no disasters. The same three promises made to the valley in chapter one, repeated here as the reason for founding a city on this particular ground.

इत्यादिष्टं मुनीन्द्रेण क्रकुच्छन्देन सप्रतुः ।
धर्म्माकर समाकर्ण्य तथेति प्रतिबुध्यत ॥ ४.१४६ ॥

ityādiṣṭaṁ munīndreṇa krakucchandena sapratuḥ ।
dharmmākara samākarṇya tatheti pratibudhyata ॥ 4.146 ॥

English

When the Lord of Sages Krakucchanda had thus instructed,
Dharmākara, hearing it, understood and said, so be it.

नेपाली

मुनीन्द्र क्रकुच्छन्दले यसरी उपदेश दिनुभएपछि,
धर्माकरले त्यो सुनेर बुझी 'त्यस्तै होस्' भने।

Purport

The king accepts. What he does next is the most human moment in the chapter.

ततः स नृप उत्थाय साञ्जलिस्तं मुनीश्वरम् ।
क्रकुच्छन्द ससंघं च प्रणत्वैवं न्यवेदयत् ॥ ४.१४७ ॥

tataḥ sa nṛpa utthāya sāñjalistaṁ munīśvaram ।
krakucchanda sasaṁghaṁ ca praṇatvaivaṁ nyavedayat ॥ 4.147 ॥

English

Then that king rose, and with folded hands, bowing to that Lord of Sages
Krakucchanda and to his community, made this known:

नेपाली

त्यसपछि ती नृप उठेर, हात जोडेर, ती मुनीश्वर
क्रकुच्छन्द र उहाँको संघलाई प्रणाम गरी यसो निवेदन गरे:

Purport

He has been given a country and a duty. He now asks for one more thing, and it is not for himself.

भगवन् भवतामाज्ञां धृत्वाहमत्र सर्वदा ।
पुरं विधाय लोकानां हितार्थे निवसे खलु ॥ ४.१४८ ॥

bhagavan bhavatāmājñāṁ dhṛtvāhamatra sarvadā ।
puraṁ vidhāya lokānāṁ hitārthe nivase khalu ॥ 4.148 ॥

English

Blessed One, holding your command, I shall dwell here always,
founding a city for the welfare of the people.

नेपाली

भगवन्, तपाईंको आज्ञा शिरोपर गरी म यहाँ सधैँ बस्नेछु,
जनताको हितका लागि नगर बसालेर।

Purport

He accepts the charge in the words it was given, which is how an obedient student answers in this poem.

तद्भवान् कृपयालोक्य सर्वदात्र हिमालये ।
ससंघो धर्म्ममादिश्य विहरन्तु जगद्धिते ॥ ४.१४९ ॥

tadbhavān kṛpayālokya sarvadātra himālaye ।
sasaṁgho dharmmamādiśya viharantu jagaddhite ॥ 4.149 ॥

English

So may you look upon us with compassion, and here in the Himālaya
dwell always with your community, teaching the Dharma for the world's welfare.

नेपाली

त्यसैले कृपादृष्टिले हेर्नुहोस्, र यहाँ हिमालयमा
आफ्नो संघसहित सधैँ बसेर जगत्को हितका लागि धर्मोपदेश दिनुहोस्।

Purport

He asks the Buddha to stay. It is what anyone would ask, and the answer he gets is the most striking thing Krakucchanda says in this chapter.

इति संप्रार्थिते तेन भगवान् स मुनीश्वरः ।
धर्म्माकरं महासत्त्वं तं पश्यन्नेवमव्रवीत् ॥ ४.१५० ॥

iti saṁprārthite tena bhagavān sa munīśvaraḥ ।
dharmmākaraṁ mahāsattvaṁ taṁ paśyannevamavravīt ॥ 4.150 ॥

English

Thus entreated by him, that Blessed Lord of Sages,
looking upon the great being Dharmākara, said this:

नेपाली

उनले यसरी प्रार्थना गरेपछि, ती भगवान् मुनीश्वरले,
महासत्त्व धर्माकरलाई हेर्दै यसो भन्नुभयो:

Purport

The gaze before the answer, one last time in this chapter.

नाहं सदात्र तिष्ठेयं चरेयं सर्व भूतले ।
सर्वसत्त्व हितार्थ हि भवामि धर्म्मदिक्षिणः ॥ ४.१५१ ॥

nāhaṁ sadātra tiṣṭheyaṁ careyaṁ sarva bhūtale ।
sarvasattva hitārtha hi bhavāmi dharmmadikṣiṇaḥ ॥ 4.151 ॥

English

I do not remain always in one place; I walk over all the earth.
For the welfare of all beings I am a giver of the Dharma.

नेपाली

म सधैँ एकै ठाउँमा बस्दिनँ; म सम्पूर्ण भूमिमा विचरण गर्छु।
सबै प्राणीको हितका लागि म धर्मदाता हुँ।

Purport

A refusal, and a graceful one. He will not settle in the valley, however holy it is, because there are other places. After four chapters of arguing that this ground is the best in the world, the poem has a Buddha decline to stay on it.

इत्यादिश्य मुनीन्द्रेण क्रकुच्छन्दः स सांधिकः ।
ततः संप्रस्थितोऽन्यत्र देशे संभाषयन् ययौ ॥ ४.१५२ ॥

ityādiśya munīndreṇa krakucchandaḥ sa sāṁdhikaḥ ।
tataḥ saṁprasthito'nyatra deśe saṁbhāṣayan yayau ॥ 4.152 ॥

English

Having so instructed, that Lord of Sages Krakucchanda with his companions
then set out for other countries, teaching as he went.

नेपाली

यसरी उपदेश दिएर, ती मुनीन्द्र क्रकुच्छन्द आफ्ना सांघिकहरूसहित,
अन्य देशहरूतिर उपदेश दिँदै प्रस्थान गर्नुभयो।

Purport

He leaves as he arrived, on foot and teaching. The valley is left to the people who will live in it.

ततो धर्माकरः सोऽत्र विधाय नगरं तथा ।
राज्यांगानि प्रतिष्ठाप्य राज्यं कृत्वाध्यतिष्ठत ॥ ४.१५३ ॥

tato dharmākaraḥ so'tra vidhāya nagaraṁ tathā ।
rājyāṁgāni pratiṣṭhāpya rājyaṁ kṛtvādhyatiṣṭhata ॥ 4.153 ॥

English

Then Dharmākara, having built a city here,
established the parts of a kingdom and ruled, taking up the government.

नेपाली

त्यसपछि धर्माकरले यहाँ नगर निर्माण गरी,
राज्यका अंगहरू स्थापित गरी राज्य सम्हाले।

Purport

The parts of a kingdom are the seven traditional limbs of the state in Indian political theory: ruler, minister, territory, fort, treasury, army and ally. The poem is describing the founding of an administration, not just a town.

तदात्र सर्वे आगत्य मन्दिरेषु समन्ततः ।
आश्रित्य संस्थितिं कृत्वा निवसन्तो मुदा चरन् ॥ ४.१५४ ॥

tadātra sarve āgatya mandireṣu samantataḥ ।
āśritya saṁsthitiṁ kṛtvā nivasanto mudā caran ॥ 4.154 ॥

English

Then all came here and, in dwellings on every side,
took up their places, settled, and lived there in joy.

नेपाली

त्यसपछि सबै यहाँ आएर, चारैतिरका भवनहरूमा,
आ-आफ्नो ठाउँ लिई, बसोबास गरी, हर्षपूर्वक बसे।

Purport

The city fills. In two verses the poem has gone from empty ground to a working settlement.

ततोऽन्येपि समायाताः सर्वदिग्भ्योऽत्र सर्वतः ।
जानपदे पुरेनेकं ग्रामेषु न्यवसन्मुदा ॥ ४.१५५ ॥

tato'nyepi samāyātāḥ sarvadigbhyo'tra sarvataḥ ।
jānapade purenekaṁ grāmeṣu nyavasanmudā ॥ 4.155 ॥

English

Then others too came here from every direction and from all around,
and dwelt with joy in the districts, in the city and in many villages.

नेपाली

त्यसपछि अरूहरू पनि सबै दिशाबाट यहाँ आए,
र जनपद, नगर र धेरै गाउँहरूमा हर्षपूर्वक बसे।

Purport

Immigration described plainly and approvingly. Nobody in this account is native to the valley, because until three chapters ago it was under water.

तथा देवाः सुराद्याश्च सर्वे लोकाधिपा अपि ।
स्वस्वपरिजनैः सार्द्धमागत्यात्र मुदा वसन् ॥ ४.१५६ ॥

tathā devāḥ surādyāśca sarve lokādhipā api ।
svasvaparijanaiḥ sārddhamāgatyātra mudā vasan ॥ 4.156 ॥

English

So too the gods and their lords, and all the guardians of the worlds,
came here with their own retinues and dwelt here in joy.

नेपाली

त्यसरी नै देवता र सुरेन्द्रहरू, र सबै लोकाधिपतिहरू,
आ-आफ्ना परिजनसहित यहाँ आएर हर्षपूर्वक बसे।

Purport

The gods bring their households, exactly as the human settlers do.

तथा महर्षयश्चापि यतयो ब्रह्मचारिणः ।
योगिनो भिक्षवोऽर्हन्तो व्रतिनश्चाप्युपासकाः ॥ ४.१५७ ॥

tathā maharṣayaścāpi yatayo brahmacāriṇaḥ ।
yogino bhikṣavo'rhanto vratinaścāpyupāsakāḥ ॥ 4.157 ॥

English

So too the great seers, renunciates and celibate practitioners,
yogins, monks and Arhats, keepers of vows and lay devotees,

नेपाली

त्यसरी नै महर्षि, यति र ब्रह्मचारीहरू,
योगी, भिक्षु र अर्हतहरू, व्रती र उपासकहरू,

Purport

The religious orders arrive after the ordinary people, which is the right order for founding a city.

बोधिसत्त्वा महासत्त्वा श्चैलकाः श्रावका अपि ।
यथाभिलषिते देशे कृत्वाश्रमं समाश्रयन् ॥ ४.१५८ ॥

bodhisattvā mahāsattvā ścailakāḥ śrāvakā api ।
yathābhilaṣite deśe kṛtvāśramaṁ samāśrayan ॥ 4.158 ॥

English

Bodhisattvas and great beings, cailakas and disciples,
made their hermitages in whatever place they chose, and settled there.

नेपाली

बोधिसत्त्व र महासत्त्वहरू, चैलक र श्रावकहरूले,
आफूले चाहेको ठाउँमा आश्रम बनाएर बसे।

Purport

'In whatever place they chose' is a small and generous phrase. Nobody is assigned a quarter.

तथान्य तीर्थिकाः शैवा वैष्णवाः कौलिका अपि ।
यथाभिलषिते स्थाने कृत्वाश्रमं समाश्रयन् ॥ ४.१५९ ॥

tathānya tīrthikāḥ śaivā vaiṣṇavāḥ kaulikā api ।
yathābhilaṣite sthāne kṛtvāśramaṁ samāśrayan ॥ 4.159 ॥

English

So too other tīrthikas, Śaivas, Vaiṣṇavas and Kaulas,
made their hermitages in whatever place they chose, and settled there.

नेपाली

त्यसरी नै अन्य तीर्थिक, शैव, वैष्णव र कौलहरूले पनि,
आफूले चाहेको ठाउँमा आश्रम बनाएर बसे।

Purport

The verse repeats the one before it word for word, changing only who is doing it. The repetition is the argument: the same freedom, in the same words, for everybody.

प्रत्येक सुगताश्चापि समागत्य समन्ततः ।
विविक्ते आश्रमे रम्ये समाश्रित्य मुदा वसन् ॥ ४.१६० ॥

pratyeka sugatāścāpi samāgatya samantataḥ ।
vivikte āśrame ramye samāśritya mudā vasan ॥ 4.160 ॥

English

The solitary Buddhas too came from every side,
and dwelling in lovely secluded hermitages, lived there in joy.

नेपाली

प्रत्येकबुद्धहरू पनि चारैतिरबाट आएर,
एकान्तका रमणीय आश्रमहरूमा बसेर हर्षपूर्वक बसे।

Purport

Even the solitary ones find somewhere in this valley to be solitary in.

मुनीन्द्रा अपि चागत्य विहृत्यात्र ससांधिकाः ।
प्रार्य सम्बोधि सद्धर्म्मं समादेश्यन् त्वरागताः ॥ ४.१६१ ॥

munīndrā api cāgatya vihṛtyātra sasāṁdhikāḥ ।
prārya sambodhi saddharmmaṁ samādeśyan tvarāgatāḥ ॥ 4.161 ॥

English

And the Lords of Sages too came and dwelt here with their companions,
and coming swiftly, taught the true Dharma of perfect awakening.

नेपाली

र मुनीन्द्रहरू पनि आएर आफ्ना सांघिकहरूसहित यहाँ बसे,
र छिटो आएर सम्बोधिको सद्धर्मको उपदेश दिए।

Purport

Krakucchanda would not stay, but others came. The valley gets its teachers after all.

एवं पुण्यतमा भूमिरियं हिमालयाहवया ।
सुखावतिनिभारम्या बोधिसत्त्वसमाश्रया ॥ ४.१६२ ॥

evaṁ puṇyatamā bhūmiriyaṁ himālayāhavayā ।
sukhāvatinibhāramyā bodhisattvasamāśrayā ॥ 4.162 ॥

English

Thus this land called the Himālaya became most holy,
lovely as Sukhāvatī, a refuge of Bodhisattvas.

नेपाली

यसरी हिमालय नामक यो भूमि परम पुण्यभूमि बन्यो,
सुखावतीजस्तै रमणीय, बोधिसत्त्वहरूको आश्रय।

Purport

Sukhāvatī is the Land of Bliss, the pure realm of Amitābha. To say the valley is like it is the largest claim the poem can make for a place on earth, and it is made only after the city has been built and the people have moved in.

बहूनि चात्र तीर्थानि सर्वपापहराण्यपि ।
जातानि सन्ति सर्वार्थ समृद्धि सिद्धिदान्यपि ॥ ४.१६३ ॥

bahūni cātra tīrthāni sarvapāpaharāṇyapi ।
jātāni santi sarvārtha samṛddhi siddhidānyapi ॥ 4.163 ॥

English

And many holy fords arose here, removers of every sin,
givers of every aim, of abundance and of accomplishment.

नेपाली

र यहाँ धेरै तीर्थहरू उत्पन्न भए, सबै पापका हर्ता,
सबै अर्थ, समृद्धि र सिद्धि दिने।

Purport

The rivers and confluences of the valley. A Nepali reader would be able to name a dozen of them from this line alone.

तदेतेषु च तीर्थेषु स्नात्वा चरत सद्व्रतम् ।
पापं हन्तुं शुभं प्राप्तुं समीच्छन्त्यत्र ये नराः ॥ ४.१६४ ॥

tadeteṣu ca tīrtheṣu snātvā carata sadvratam ।
pāpaṁ hantuṁ śubhaṁ prāptuṁ samīcchantyatra ye narāḥ ॥ 4.164 ॥

English

So bathe in these holy fords and practise the true vow,
you people here who wish to destroy sin and gain what is good.

नेपाली

त्यसैले यी तीर्थहरूमा स्नान गर र सद्व्रत आचरण गर,
हे यहाँका मानिसहरू, जो पाप नष्ट गरी शुभ प्राप्त गर्न चाहन्छौ।

Purport

The instruction turns directly to the reader, as this poem does at the end of every teaching.

येऽत्र तीर्थेषु सर्वेषु स्नात्वा नित्यं समाहिताः ।
जप यज्ञादि कर्म्माणि कृत्वा चरन्ति सम्वरम् ॥ ४.१६५ ॥

ye'tra tīrtheṣu sarveṣu snātvā nityaṁ samāhitāḥ ।
japa yajñādi karmmāṇi kṛtvā caranti samvaram ॥ 4.165 ॥

English

Those who bathe daily in all these holy fords with settled minds,
and performing recitation, sacrifice and the rest, keep the vow,

नेपाली

जसले यी सबै तीर्थमा नित्य समाहित चित्तले स्नान गरी,
जप, यज्ञ आदि कर्म गरेर संवर पालन गर्छन्,

Purport

Yajña, Vedic sacrifice, listed as part of the practice. The chapter has been doing this throughout and does not stop at the end.

पितॄंश्चापि समभ्यर्च्य देवाञ्च श्रद्धयादरात् ।
दत्वा दानं समाधाय ध्यात्वापीशं भजन्ति च ॥ ४.१६६ ॥

pitṝṁścāpi samabhyarcya devāñca śraddhayādarāt ।
datvā dānaṁ samādhāya dhyātvāpīśaṁ bhajanti ca ॥ 4.166 ॥

English

and worshipping the ancestors and the gods with faith and reverence,
giving gifts with a settled mind, meditate upon the Lord and worship him,

नेपाली

र श्रद्धा र आदरपूर्वक पितृ र देवताको पूजा गरी,
समाहित चित्तले दान दिई, ईशको ध्यान गरी भजन गर्छन्,

Purport

Ancestors, gods, gifts and meditation, in that order. It is a description of ordinary religious life in the valley rather than of anything specialised.

तेऽपि सर्वे विकल्माषाः परिशुद्ध त्रिमण्डलाः ।
श्रीमन्तः सिद्धि मन्तश्च भवेयुः सद्गुणाश्रयाः ॥ ४.१६७ ॥

te'pi sarve vikalmāṣāḥ pariśuddha trimaṇḍalāḥ ।
śrīmantaḥ siddhi mantaśca bhaveyuḥ sadguṇāśrayāḥ ॥ 4.167 ॥

English

they too, all of them, free of stain, their three spheres wholly pure,
become glorious and accomplished, vessels of true virtue.

नेपाली

तिनीहरू पनि सबै निष्कलंक, त्रिमण्डल पूर्ण शुद्ध भई,
श्रीमान् र सिद्धिमान्, सद्गुणका आश्रय हुन्छन्।

Purport

The promise given to the king in verse 104 is given here to everyone who bathes in the rivers.

ततस्ते सर्व सत्त्वानां हितार्थे धर्म साधकाः ।
बोधिसत्त्वा महासत्त्वाः भवेयुः सुगतात्मजाः ॥ ४.१६८ ॥

tataste sarva sattvānāṁ hitārthe dharma sādhakāḥ ।
bodhisattvā mahāsattvāḥ bhaveyuḥ sugatātmajāḥ ॥ 4.168 ॥

English

Then, practitioners of the Dharma for the welfare of all beings,
they become Bodhisattvas and great beings, sons of the Sugata.

नेपाली

त्यसपछि सबै प्राणीको हितका लागि धर्मसाधक भई,
तिनीहरू बोधिसत्त्व, महासत्त्व, सुगतपुत्र हुन्छन्।

Purport

The reward is framed, as always in this poem, in terms of what it lets a person do for others.

ततस्ते बोधिसम्भारं पूरयित्वा यथाक्रमम् ।
त्रिरत्न भजनं कृत्वा संचरेरञ्जगद्धिते ॥ ४.१६९ ॥

tataste bodhisambhāraṁ pūrayitvā yathākramam ।
triratna bhajanaṁ kṛtvā saṁcarerañjagaddhite ॥ 4.169 ॥

English

Then, fulfilling the accumulations for awakening in due order,
and worshipping the Three Jewels, they move for the welfare of the world.

नेपाली

त्यसपछि क्रमैसँग बोधिसम्भार पूरा गरी,
र त्रिरत्नको भजन गरी, जगत्को हितमा लाग्छन्।

Purport

The gradual road once more. Four chapters, and still no shortcut anywhere in this poem.

ततस्ते विमलात्मानो निःक्लेशा विजितेन्द्रियाः ।
अर्हन्त स्त्रिविधां बोधिं प्राप्येयुः सौगतं पदम् ॥ ४.१७० ॥

tataste vimalātmāno niḥkleśā vijitendriyāḥ ।
arhanta strividhāṁ bodhiṁ prāpyeyuḥ saugataṁ padam ॥ 4.170 ॥

English

Then, stainless in self, free of defilement, their senses mastered,
as Arhats, attaining the threefold awakening, they reach the state of the Sugata.

नेपाली

त्यसपछि निर्मल आत्मा, निःक्लेश, जितेन्द्रिय भई,
अर्हत भई, त्रिविध बोधि प्राप्त गरेर सौगत पद पाउँछन्।

Purport

The destination named in the same words at the close of every chapter.

एवं मत्वात्र तीर्थेषु सर्वेषु बोधिवांछिभिः ।
स्नात्वा दानादिकर्म कर्त्तव्यं सर्वदा भवे ॥ ४.१७१ ॥

evaṁ matvātra tīrtheṣu sarveṣu bodhivāṁchibhiḥ ।
snātvā dānādikarma karttavyaṁ sarvadā bhave ॥ 4.171 ॥

English

Knowing this, those who desire awakening should bathe
in all these holy fords, and give gifts and do such deeds always.

नेपाली

यो जानेर, बोधि चाहनेहरूले यी सबै तीर्थमा
स्नान गरी, दान आदि कर्म सधैँ गर्नुपर्छ।

Purport

The last instruction of the chapter is the simplest one in it. Wash, and give.

इत्यादिष्टं मुनीन्द्रेण समादिष्टं निशम्य ते ।
सर्व सभाश्रिता लोकाः प्राभ्यनन्दन् प्रबोधिताः ॥ ४.१७२ ॥

ityādiṣṭaṁ munīndreṇa samādiṣṭaṁ niśamya te ।
sarva sabhāśritā lokāḥ prābhyanandan prabodhitāḥ ॥ 4.172 ॥

English

When the Lord of Sages had thus instructed, hearing what was taught,
all the people gathered in the assembly rejoiced and were awakened.

नेपाली

मुनीन्द्रले यसरी उपदेश दिनुभएपछि, त्यो सुनेर,
सभामा उपस्थित सबै मानिसहरू आनन्दित भई प्रबुद्ध भए।

Purport

The chapter closes as the other three did. Between the first verse and this one, seven hundred people have been ordained, two rivers have been born, eight lights have appeared around the rim of the valley, and a king has built the first city on ground that was a lake three chapters ago.

इति श्री स्वयंभू चैत्य समुत्पत्ति कथा वीतरागतीर्थ राष्ट्र प्रवर्त्तनो नाम चतुर्थोऽध्यायः ।

iti śrī svayaṁbhū caitya samutpatti kathā vītarāgatīrtha rāṣṭra pravarttano nāma caturtho'dhyāyaḥ ।

Thus ends the fourth chapter of the account of the origin of the Swayambhu Caitya, called the founding of the Vītarāgas, the holy fords and the realm.

यसरी स्वयम्भू चैत्यको उत्पत्तिकथाभित्रको, वीतराग, तीर्थ र राष्ट्रको प्रवर्तन नामक चौथो अध्याय समाप्त भयो।